Hubungan antara durasi menonton televisi dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia di Tangerang

Angelica, Vanessa (2020) Hubungan antara durasi menonton televisi dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia di Tangerang. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Aktivitas menonton televisi merupakan salah satu pola hidup sedentari yang banyak diminati oleh setiap orang. Penelitian mengenai hubungan televisi pada fungsi kognisi anak-anak dan kalangan dewasa muda telah banyak dilakukan sebelumnya. Namun belum banyak penelitian yang dilakukan pada kalangan lanjut usia. Sehingga studi ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi adannya hubungan durasi menonton terhadap fungsi kognitif pada populasi lansia ≥60 tahun di kawasan Tangerang. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan lama durasi seseorang menonton televisi terhadap fungsi kognitif pada kalangan lansia di Tangerang. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan metode non-randomized purposive sampling pada 150 sampel yang berupa masyarakat lanjut usia dengan usia 60 tahun keatas dan sesuai kriteria inklusi. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan mulai dari November 2019 hingga Januari 2020 menggunakan formulir wawancara singkat untuk durasi menonton televisi dan tes MoCA-Ina untuk menguji kemampuan fungsi kognitif. Kriteria durasi menonton televisi dibagi menjadi dua kategori, lebih dari 3,5 jam dan kurang dari 3,5 jam (berdasarkan penelitian Daisy Fancourt 2019) dan kriteria fungsi kognitif menjadi dua, normal (skor MoCA 26 keatas) dan menurun (skor MoCA dibawah 26). Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 25.0 dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi- square dan analisis variabel kovariat menggunakan multivariat regresi logistik. Hasil Penelitian: Dari 150 sampel penelitian, terdapat 30% lansia yang menonton dengan durasi diatas 3,5 jam dan 42,7% mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Durasi menonton diatas 3,5 jam memiliki hubungan signifikan dan risiko 4 kali lebih besar dengan kejadian penurunan fungsi kognitif (P-value 0,001; Odds Ratio 4,176; 95% CI 1,988-8,775). Tidak terdapat variabel konfounding yang mempengaruhi signifikansi antara hubungan durasi menonton televisi dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia. Kesimpulan: Durasi menonton diatas 3,5 jam mempengaruhi penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia. Kata Kunci: Lansia, Durasi Menonton Televisi, Fungsi Kognitif Referensi: 66 (1980-2019) / Background: The act of watching television is one of the patterns of sedentary lifestyle that a lot of people like to indulge in. There has been a significance of interest in study for the relationship of television viewing on children and young adults. However, very few had been done on the elderly populations. This study aimed to explore whether there is any effects on television viewing duration towards the cognitive function in elderly aged 60 or more within the populations in South Tangerang. Objective: To investigate the effects of television viewing duration towards elderly cognitive function in Tangerang. Method: This study uses a cross sectional study design with a non-randomized purposive sampling method in 150 samples in the form of elderly people with age 60 years and over and according to inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out for 3 months from November 2019 to January 2020 using a short interview form for the duration of watching television and the MoCA-Ina test to test cognitive function abilities. The criteria for duration of television viewing are divided into two categories, more than 3.5 hours and less than 3.5 hours (based on the research of Daisy Fancourt 2019) and criteria for cognitive function into two, normal (MoCA score 26 and above) and decreased (MoCA score below 26). Data analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) application version 25.0 with bivariate analysis using Chi-square and analysis of covariate variables using multivariate logistic regression. Result: Of the 150 study samples, there were 30% of elderly who watched over a 3.5 hours duration and 42.7% experienced a decline in cognitive function. The duration of watching television over 3.5 hours has a significant relationship and the risk is 4 times greater with the occurrence of cognitive decline (P-value 0.001; Odds Ratio 4.176; 95% CI 1.988-8.775). There is no confounding variable that affects the significance of the relationship between television viewing duration and cognitive function in the elderly. Conclusion: Watching television for more than 3,5 hours is associated with the occurance of cognitive function decline in elderly. Keywords: Elderly, Television Viewing Duration, Cognitive Function References: 66 (1980-2019)

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