Hubah tanah kaum menurut hukum adat Minangkabau dan hukum tanah nasional (studi kasus putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia no.1331/k/pdt/2005)

Tanjung, Albert (2016) Hubah tanah kaum menurut hukum adat Minangkabau dan hukum tanah nasional (studi kasus putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia no.1331/k/pdt/2005). Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The existence of tanah ulayat (communal land) as a right of possession over land in Indonesia is recognized by Law - Act No. 5/1960 about the Indonesian Basic Agrarian Law, contained in Article 3 and Article 5, supported by Law - 1945 Article 18 letter b paragraph (2). As long as they exist, hak ulayat (communal land rights) are recognized in the order of National Land Law. Therefore, it is also valid for hak ulayat of Indigenous Minangkabau society that still exist today. There are several kinds of hak ulayat according to the Customary Law of Minangkabau, one of them is hak ulayat kaum (clan communal land rights) or also called tanah kaum (clan communal land). Tanah kaum has become the object of research in this thesis. Tanah kaum is a high-inherited wealth which according to Minangkabau Customary Law, the ownership should not be transferred to another party except certain things. Tanah kaum can only be given to the another party with special rule called ganggam bauntuak (right of use) based on grant. Grants can be made either orally or written. Consequently, it becomes a problem against the decision of Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No.1331/K/Pdt/2005 states that the grants in written form are valid but not orally. The decision of Indonesian Supreme Court has implications for the inclusion of tanah kaum owned by grantor to the grantee called harta susuk (inserted-wealth) which finally becomes High-inherited Wealth for the grantee. Harta susuk is a Low-inherited Wealth inserted into the High-inherited Wealth for generations at least 3 (three) offspring. Furthermore, it is necessary to study the land grant arrangement according to Minangkabau Customary Law and National Land Law as well as the suitability of the implementation of the grant according to decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No.1331 / K / Pdt / 2005 as well as Minangkabau Customary Law and National Land Law. Research method used is a normative juridical research which is descriptive. Data collection is conducted through literature study with secondary data and analyzed qualitatively. From these results, it can be concluded that the grants were made either orally or written is legal under Customary Law of Minangkabau, while according to the National Land Law the grants should be made by PPAT grant deed which then registered to the local Land Office and the decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number.1331 / K / Pdt / 2005 is not in accordance with the provisions of the grant according to Customary Law of Minangkabau supported by the National Land Law. / Keberadaan tanah ulayat sebagai hak penguasaan atas tanah di Indonesia diakui berdasarkan Undang – Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok – Pokok Agraria, dimuat pada Pasal 3 dan Pasal 5, didukung oleh Undang – Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal 18 huruf b ayat (2). Selama masih ada, hak ulayat diakui eksistensinya dalam tatanan Hukum Tanah Nasional. Begitupun halnya dengan hak ulayat masyarakat Hukum Adat Minangkabau yang masih ada hingga saat ini. Menurut Hukum Adat Minangkabau hak ulayat terdiri dari beberapa macam, salah satunya hak ulayat kaum atau yang disebut juga dengan tanah kaum. Tanah kaum merupakan salah satunya dan sekaligus menjadi objek penelitian dalam tesis ini. Tanah kaum adalah Harta Pusaka Tinggi yang menurut Hukum Adat Minangkabau tidak boleh dialihkan kepemilikannya kepada pihak lain, kecuali atas hal – hal tertentu sebagaimana ketentuan Hukum Adat Minangkabau. Tanah kaum hanya dapat diberikan kepada pihak lain secara ganggam bauntuak (hak pakai) berdasarkan hibah. Hibah dapat dilakukan baik secara lisan maupun tertulis. Hal ini menjadi masalah terhadap putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia No.1331/K/Pdt/2005 yang memutus tidak sah hibah secara lisan dan sah hibah secara tertulis. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia berimplikasi kepada dimasukkannya tanah kaum milik pemberi hibah oleh penerima hibah ke dalam harta susuk sehingga menjadi Harta Pusaka Tinggi kaum penerima hibah. Harta susuk adalah Harta Pusaka Rendah yang disisipkan menjadi Harta Pusaka tinggi secara turun temurun selama minimal 3 (tiga) keturunan. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian mengenai pengaturan hibah tanah menurut Hukum Adat Minangkabau dan Hukum Tanah Nasional serta kesesuaian pelaksanaan hibah putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia No.1331/K/Pdt/2005 terhadap Hukum Adat Minangkabau dan Hukum Tanah Nasional. Metode penetilitan yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dengan data sekunder dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hibah yang dilakukan baik secara lisan maupun tertulis adalah sah menurut Hukum Adat Minangkabau, sedangkan menurut Hukum Tanah Nasional hibah dilakukan berdasarkan akta hibah PPAT yang kemudian didaftarkan kepada Kantor Pertanahan setempat dan putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia No.1331/K/Pdt/2005 tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan hibah menurut Hukum Adat Minangkabau yang didukung oleh Hukum Tanah Nasional.

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