Penguatan pengaruh Cina di kawasan Asia Pasifik melalui Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) = The reinforcement of China's influence in Asia Pacific region through Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

Putri, Tutus Nurianawati Saksono (2021) Penguatan pengaruh Cina di kawasan Asia Pasifik melalui Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) = The reinforcement of China's influence in Asia Pacific region through Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Keberhasilan reformasi dan keterbukaan Cina terhadap dunia luar telah membuat perekonomiannya berkembang pesat. Kemajuan ekonomi yang kuat ini merupakan kunci utama bagi Cina untuk bangkit menjadi kekuatan besar di kawasan Asia Pasifik. Untuk terus dapat mempertahankan posisinya tersebut, Cina memutuskan untuk berpartisipasi aktif dalam kerja sama regional salah satunya yaitu Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Melalui RCEP yang dibentuk oleh ASEAN, Cina berupaya untuk memperluas pengaruhnya sekaligus mewujudkan kepentingan nasionalnya. Keadaan tersebut sangat berkaitan dengan teori neorealisme. Dalam teori neorealisme terdapat beberapa konsep yang dapat dipakai untuk menjelaskan ambisi Cina yang ingin mendominasi kawasan. Konsep-konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari regionalisme, kekuatan besar, kepentingan nasional, balance of power, dan geostrategi. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian historis dan deskriptif. Dalam proses pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu berupa studi daring dan studi kepustakaan. Data-data yang diperoleh kemudian di analisa dan dipelajari oleh penulis untuk melihat interkoneksi antar data. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, ditemukan suatu hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa RCEP sangat penting bagi Cina guna mengaktualisasikan "Asia Pasific Dream”. Terlebih lagi, RCEP dimanfaatkan oleh Cina sebagai instrumen untuk merealisasikan kepentingan nasionalnya baik secara ekonomi maupun politik. Dari aspek kepentingan ekonomi, Cina memperoleh keuntungan yang relatif dari ekspansi pasar dan investasinya ke negara-negara RCEP lainnya. Bersamaan dengan hal itu, kerja sama regional RCEP ini tentunya mendukung kelangsungan pertumbuhan ekonomi Cina. Di sisi lain, RCEP menjadi instrumen yang penting bagi Cina untuk memperkuat pengaruhnya di kawasan Asia Pasifik guna mengimbangi rivalnya yaitu Amerika Serikat. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa RCEP sepertinya dimanfaatkan oleh Cina untuk meningkatkan posisinya dibandingkan dengan Amerika Serikat. Untuk mencapai ambisinya, Cina memerlukan RCEP sebagai strategi penyeimbang menghadapi Amerika Serikat. Bahkan, RCEP juga digunakan oleh Cina sebagai sarana untuk memperluas hegemoni regionalnya di kawasan Asia Pasifik. / The success of China's reforms and openness to the outside world has resulted in the continuous and rapid economic growth. This strong economic progress is the main key for China to rise to become a great power in the Asia Pacific region. In order to maintain its position, China has decided to actively participate in regional cooperation such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Through the RCEP formed by ASEAN, China seeks to expand its influence as well as to help fulfil their national interest. This situation is closely related to the theory of neorealism. In the theory of neorealism, there are several concepts that can be used to explain China's ambition to dominate the region. The concepts used in this research consists of regionalism, great power, national interest, balance of power, and geostrategy. Furthermore, this research also used a qualitative approach by using historical and descriptive research methods. In the data collection process, this research uses secondary data taken from online studies and literature studies. The data obtained was then analyzed and studied by the author for any interconnections between them. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that RCEP is very important for China to actualize the “Asia Pacific Dream.” Moreover, RCEP is used by China as an instrument to realize their national interests both economically and politically. From the economic interest aspect, China obtained relative gains through market expansions and investments into the other RCEP countries. Along with that, RCEP certainly supports the continuity of China's economic growth. On the other hand, RCEP is an important instrument for China to strengthen their influence in the Asia Pacific region in order to balance their rival, the United States. This indicates that the RCEP seems to be used by China to improve its position compared to the United States. To achieve its ambition, China needs RCEP as a balancing strategy against the United States. RCEP is also used by China as a mean to support their goal to expand their regional hegemony in the Asia Pacific region.

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