International natural resources dispute: the case of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam between Egypt and Ethiopia

Hartono, Phoebe (2021) International natural resources dispute: the case of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam between Egypt and Ethiopia. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has become a prominent problem between Egypt and Ethiopia since it was built in the Nile River which is the source of life for countries in the region. The construction and water filling of the dam is crucial towards Ethiopia as the country is trying to increase its prosperity and welfare. The objective of the research is to find the effect of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam towards the diplomatic relations between Egypt and Ethiopia as well as the effect for the economy of both countries. The theory used in this research is Realism with the concepts of National Power, National Security, Diplomatic Relations, and Non-Traditional Security. Furthermore, this is a qualitative research with a case-study research method. Result shows that the building of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has aggravated the already-unfriendly diplomatic relations and even deteriorated it. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam became a symbolization towards Ethiopia as the building of national power in order to secure their national security. However, Egypt perceives it as a way to overthrow Egypt’s existing position and harming the diplomatic relations. This is proven through several protest actions from Egypt. It also causes economic impact to each country with substantial economic loss if this problem continues. / Bendungan Grand Ethiopian Renaissance telah menjadi masalah utama antara Mesir dan Etiopia sejak awal dibangunnya di Sungai Nil yang merupakan sumber kehidupan bagi negara-negara di wilayah tersebut. Pembangunan dan pengisian air bendungan sangat penting bagi Etiopia karena negara itu berusaha meningkatkan kemakmuran dan kesejahteraannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bendungan Grand Ethiopian Renaissance terhadap hubungan diplomatik antara Mesir dan Etiopia serta pengaruhnya terhadap perekonomian kedua negara. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Realisme dengan konsep Kekuasaan Nasional, Keamanan Nasional, Hubungan Diplomatik, dan Keamanan Non-Tradisional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan bendungan Grand Ethiopian Renaissance telah memperburuk hubungan diplomatik yang sudah tidak bersahabat. Bendungan Grand Ethiopian Renaissance menjadi simbolisasi terhadap Etiopia sebagai bangunan kekuatan nasional guna mengamankan keamanan nasionalnya. Namun, Mesir memandangnya sebagai cara untuk menggulingkan posisi Mesir dan merusak hubungan diplomatik mereka. Hal itu dibuktikan dengan beberapa aksi protes dari Mesir. Hal tersebut juga menimbulkan dampak ekonomi bagi kedua negara dengan kerugian ekonomi yang cukup besar jika masalah ini berlanjut.

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