Penggunaan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) oleh Militer Amerika Serikat dalam Memberantas Terorisme Pasca 9/11 = The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) by the United States Military in Combating Terrorism Post 9/11

Farzani, Difa Sri (2021) Penggunaan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) oleh Militer Amerika Serikat dalam Memberantas Terorisme Pasca 9/11 = The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) by the United States Military in Combating Terrorism Post 9/11. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Setelah tragedi 9/11, peningkatan penggunaan kendaraan udara nirawak (uav) dalam konflik kontemporer melawan teror telah memicu perdebatan di antara banyak aktor dalam hubungan internasional. Amerika serikat seringkali berargumen bahwa pemanfaatan uav membantu upaya penanggulangan teror secara lebih efisien. Namun, pada faktanya penggunaan uav oleh militer telah memberikan dampak destruktif dan kerusakan-kerusakan kolateral dalam masyarakat yang dianggap melanggar hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi implikasi normatif serta konsekuensi dari transisi penggunaan uav oleh amerika serikat ditinjau dari perspektif hukum internasional. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mazhab inggris, masyaratkat internasional, norma, dan hukum humaniter internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, yakni untuk untuk memberikan gambaran atas hasil analisis dalam mendeskripsikan implikasi aspek legalitas dan aspek normatif dari penggunaan uav. Proses transisi dari penggunaan senjata konvensional menuju penggunaan senjata modern seperti uav telah mengubah natur dari konflik bersenjata di era kontemporer ini dan menimbulkan perdebatan. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi penyebab pokok perdebatan, yakni pelaksanaan operasi uav telah melanggar aturan dan norma yang berlaku di dalam masyarakat internasional, khususnya prinsip proporsionalitas dan prinsip pembedaan yang diatur di dalam hukum humaniter internasional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan adanya ambivalensi di balik operasi militer uav, di satu sisi pemanfaatannya melanggar norma dan hukum, namun di sisi lain juga ada esensi yang perlu dipertimbangkan terkait bagaimana norma dan hukum dapat menyesuaikan terhadap tantangan kontemporer saat ini. Maka negara sebagai aktor dalam masyarakat internasional harus memastikan bahwa aturan hukum dan pertimbangan moral perlu saling menyesuaikan dan menjadi bagian integral dalam proses pengambilan keputusan/ After the 9/11 tragedy, the increased use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in contemporary conflicts against terror has sparked debate among many actors in international relations. The United States has often argued that using UAVs helps counter terror efforts more efficiently. However, the fact that the use of UAVs by the military has had a destructive impact and collateral damage in society which is considered illegal. This study aims to evaluate the normative implications and consequences of the transition to the use of UAV by the United States from an international law perspective. The theories and concepts used in this research are the English school, international society, norms, and international humanitarian law. This study uses a descriptive method to provide an overview of the results of the analysis in describing the implications of the legality and normative aspects of the use of UAV. The process of transitioning from the use of conventional weapons to the use of modern weapons such as UAVs has changed the nature of armed conflict in this contemporary. This study identifies the main cause of the debate revolve around the implementation of UAV operations that has violated the rules and norms prevailing in the international community, especially the principle of proportionality and the principle of differentiation regulated in international humanitarian law. This research concludes that there is an ambivalence behind UAV military operations, on the one hand its use violates norms and laws, but on the other hand there is an essence that needs to be considered regarding how norms and laws can adapt to today's contemporary challenges. Therefore, the state as an actor in the international society must ensure that the rule of law and moral considerations need to adjust to one another and become an integral part of the decision-making process.

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