Kepentingan Cina dalam kerja sama China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)(2013-2017)= The interest of China in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) cooperation (2013-2017)

Valencia, Gabrielle (2021) Kepentingan Cina dalam kerja sama China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)(2013-2017)= The interest of China in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) cooperation (2013-2017). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, koridor ekonomi telah muncul sebagai instrumen utama dalam kerja sama regional pembangunan skala global. Hubungan bilateral Cina dan Pakistan yang telah terjalin sejak tahun 1950, membawa kedua negara ke dalam tali persahabatan yang semakin erat dengan mengembangkan kerja sama CPEC pada tahun 2013 dan memasuki kesepakatan kerja sama jangka panjang CPEC pada tahun 2015. CPEC pada dasarnya merupakan kerja sama yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan investasi, pembangunan infrastruktur serta perluasan jalur perdagangan. Namun dibalik kerja sama tersebut, terdapat kepentingan tersendiri bagi Cina untuk mewujudkan kepentingan nasionalnya. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi kepentingan Cina dalam kerja sama China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) (2013-2017). Penulis menggunakan teori Realisme, konsep kepentingan nasional, geopolitik, geostrategis, geoekonomi, kerja sama ekonomi bilateral serta konsep diplomasi ekonomi. Teori Realisme mengemukakan bahwa negara sebagai aktor utama selalu bertindak rasional demi mementingkan kepentingan nasionalnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dan metode deskriptif serta menyampaikan data melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi daring. Analisis disajikan melalui beberapa kategori dalam sub judul pembahasan penelitian, yang merupakan jawaban dari kedua rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan terdapat kepentingan geopolitik dan geoekonomi yang melatarbelakangi Cina melakukan kerja sama dengan Pakistan melalui CPEC. Strategi Cina dalam mengakumulasikan upaya untuk mencapai kepentingannya melalui CPEC tergambar secara eksplisit melalui program investasi yang masif. Terdapat berbagai hambatan seperti tantangan keamanan regional dan kondisi politik yang tidak stabil di Pakistan yang akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan proyek CPEC, serta didalamnya kepentingan Cina melalui kerja sama CPEC. / In the last few decades, economic corridors have emerged as the main instruments in regional development cooperation on a global scale. Bilateral relations between China and Pakistan, which have been established since 1950, have brought the two countries closer together by developing China-Pakistan Economic Corridor cooperation in 2013 and entering into a long-term CPEC cooperation agreement in 2015. CPEC is a cooperation that aims to increase investment, infrastructure development and expand trade routes. However, behind this cooperation, there are special interest for China to realize its national interest. This research is intended to identify China's interest in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) cooperation (2013-2017). The author uses the theory of realism, the concept of national interest, geopolitics, geostrategic, geoeconomics, bilateral economic cooperation and the concept of economic diplomacy. Realism theory states that the state as the main actor always acts rationally for the sake of prioritizing its national interests. This research was conducted using qualitative research and descriptive method and submitted data through library research and online research. The analysis is presented through several categories in the research discussion which is the answer to the research question in this study. Observations made indicate that there are geopolitical and geoeconomics interests of China through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor cooperation. China's strategy to achieve its interests through CPEC is explicitly reflected through a massive investment program. There are various obstacles such as regional security challenges and unstable political conditions in Pakistan which will affect the success of the CPEC project, as well as the interests of China through CPEC cooperation.

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