Strategi komunikasi terapeutik dalam proses penyampaian diagnosis paliatif kepada pasien kanker dan keluarganya = Therapeutic communication strategy in the process of delivering palliative diagnosis to cancer patients and their family

Sujapto, Annie Sukiani (2020) Strategi komunikasi terapeutik dalam proses penyampaian diagnosis paliatif kepada pasien kanker dan keluarganya = Therapeutic communication strategy in the process of delivering palliative diagnosis to cancer patients and their family. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Komunikasi memainkan peranan penting dalam memberikan informasi yang tepat atas kondisi kesehatan pasien, termasuk dalam penyampaian berita buruk. Dokter, sebagai komunikator, perlu memiliki strategi yang tepat agar pesan dapat diterima dan ditanggapi dengan baik. Penyampaian diagnosis kanker paliatif menjadi tantangan tersendiri karena penyakit tidak lagi bereaksi terhadap pengobatan. Penggunaan teknik komunikasi terapeutik yang tepat dapat membantu pasien dan keluarganya menentukan perawatan terbaik. Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi komunikasi yang efektif di antara pasien, keluarga pasien, dokter, perawat, maupun tim medis lainnya dalam penyampaian diagnosis kanker paliatif. Sejalan dengan teori fungsional, mereka membentuk suatu kelompok kecil untuk bersama-sama mengambil keputusan demi mencapai tujuan bersama, yaitu peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan pemahaman di antara para pihak tentang konsep paliatif maupun komunikasi terapeutik, baik di masyarakat umum maupun di antara praktisi medis sendiri. Strategi penerapan komunikasi terapeutik pada penyampaian diagnosis diuraikan secara mendetail pada setiap fasenya, disertai contoh kalimat dan hambatannya. Secara khusus, penelitian ini menunjukkan kesesuaian strategi komunikasi terapeutik yang dibahas terhadap model teori fungsional. Sebagai tambahan, penelitian juga menemukan bahwa cara penyampaian diagnosis kanker paliatif yang tidak lengkap atau tidak jelas dapat mengakibatkan pasien dan/atau keluarga tidak menanggapi dengan serius. Latar belakang pasien dan dukungan keluarga menentukan besaran pengaruh teknik komunikasi dalam penyampaian diagnosis terhadap pengambilan keputusan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, diperlukan edukasi bagi tim medis maupun masyarakat umum untuk mencapai kesepahaman atas konsep paliatif serta komunikasi terapeutik. Tim medis juga perlu mengevaluasi rasio pelayanan dokter dan perawat. Penelitian lanjutan perlu melibatkan lebih banyak pasien dan keluarga dengan menggunakan kuesioner tanpa menyebutkan kata "paliatif" secara eksplisit. / Communication plays a crucial role in providing information on patient’s health condition, including in delivering bad news. Doctors, as communicators, should be ready with a right strategy so that the message can be well accepted and responded. Delivering palliative cancer diagnosis become a particular challenge as the illness does not respond to treatment anymore. Strategic use of therapeutic communication techniques may help patient and family to decide the best treatment. This study seeks to examine the most effective communication strategy among the patient, the supporting family member, doctor, nurse, and other medical team in delivering palliative cancer diagnosis. In line with the functional theory, they form a small group that strive to make decision towards a common goal, that is to improve the patient’s quality of life. This research points out diverse understanding among the group about the concept of palliative as well as therapeutic communication, both in the public as well as among medical practitioners themselves. Therapeutic communication strategies for delivering palliative cancer diagnosis are elaborated in detail at each of its phase, supported with samples and the barriers. In particular, this research demonstrated that the discussed therapeutic communication strategies conformed with the functional theory’s model. In addition, this research also found that incomplete or unclear way of delivering palliative cancer diagnosis may cause the patient and/or the family treat this news in a trivial way. The background of the patient and the family also plays a role in determining the extent of influence from the communication technique used to deliver the diagnosis with the decision making. Based on this research, there is a need to educate the medical practitioners as well as the public to achieve similar understanding on the concept of palliative and therapeutic communication. The medics also need to reevaluate doctors and nurses’ service ratio. Further research needs to engage more patients and their family using questionnaires without explicitly mentioning the word “palliative”.

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