Analisis diskursus ibuisme dalam novel cantik itu luka karya Eka Kurniawan = Discourse analysis on ibuism in novel cantik itu luka by Eka Kurniawan

Atmadja, Christie Gabriella (2021) Analisis diskursus ibuisme dalam novel cantik itu luka karya Eka Kurniawan = Discourse analysis on ibuism in novel cantik itu luka by Eka Kurniawan. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Indonesia menganut sistem patriarki yang mengakar pada penyelenggaraan negara, agama, budaya, hingga representasi perempuan di media dan literatur nasional. Seiring pergantian angin politik, representasi perempuan juga bertransisi ke ruang publik. Namun penelitian terdahulu membuktikan media dan literatur Indonesia hingga kini masih mengacu pada ideologi Ibuisme peninggalan Orde Baru. Kemunculan novel Cantik itu Luka (CIL) karya Eka Kurniawan di tahun 2002 menjadi fenomena literatur yang menuai sukses internasional. Menceritakan kehidupan perempuan yang porak poranda karena laki-laki, Kurniawan mengakui karyanya sebagai karya feminis. Penelitian ini menganalisa bagaimana representasi perempuan dalam novel CIL, persamaan/perbedaan dengan representasi perempuan lainnya, dan signifikansi representasi tersebut di masa kini. Penelitian mengacu pada teori literatur, feminisme, ibuisme, dan analisis diskursus Sara Mills. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi pada sumber primer novel CIL dan sumber sekunder publikasi media dan karya ilmiah. Uji keabsahan menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa Kurniawan dan novel CIL belum bebas dari ideologi ibuisme. Walau tokoh perempuan menjadi subjek cerita, namun pikiran dan tindakan mereka mencerminkan tipikal perempuan ideal ala Orde Baru. Narator maha tahu pun kerap ambigu dalam mendeskripsikan peristiwa. Representasi perempuan dalam CIL mempengaruhi masa depan wacana mengenai feminisme dan gender di Indonesia. / Indonesia adheres to patriarchal system which rooted in the state, religion, culture, and the women’s representation in the media and literature. As the political wind changed, women’s representation has transitioned to public sphere. But previous research argue that the media and literature still follow the ibuism ideology from the New Order. The publication of Cantik itu Luka (CIL) by Eka Kurniawan in 2002 has become a phenomenon which gained international success. Writing about the lives of women ruined by men, Kurniawan claimed his novel to be feminist. This study analyses women’s representation in CIL, similarities/differences with other representations, and its significance in present time. This study refers to literary theory, feminism, ibuism, and Sara Mills’ Discourse Analysis. The method is qualitative descriptive. Data collected by documenting primary source, novel CIL, and secondary source, media publication and scientific papers. Validity test utilized source triangulation technique. The result shows that Kurniawan and his novel are not yet free from ibuism ideology. Female characters became subject, but their thoughts and actions reflect the typical ideal New Order women. The omniscient narrator is ambiguous in describing events. The women’s representation in CIL influences the future of discourse on feminism and gender in Indonesia.

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