Dukungan internasional pembentukan wilayah otonom = The international support for the establishment of Bangsamoro autonomous region in Mindanao

Edi, Dhea Pramita (2021) Dukungan internasional pembentukan wilayah otonom = The international support for the establishment of Bangsamoro autonomous region in Mindanao. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The Mindanao conflict refers to the Moro people struggle for self-determination that dates back to the Moro people resistance against the Spanish and American colonisation. This continued on even when the Philippines was declared as a republic and further dragged into the 21st century. The conflict stems from the forced cultural and political assimilation that endangered Moro people culture, religion and political traditions. As a result, the marginalised Moro people as Muslim minority advanced their fight for self-determination that came to be known as the Moro separatist movement. The armed struggle that broke out between the separatist groups and the Philippine government resulted in hundreds of thousand deaths, a mass number of internally displaced people (IDPs), and a looming humanitarian crisis. This research analyses the factors that led to the establishment of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) & Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) and the international actors that were involved in the peace processes and peacebuilding efforts. Moreover, the interests and agendas of each of the international actor is analysed to further understand the complexity of this conflict. This research used qualitative approach while the case is explained using Neoliberalism theory framework while also using international cooperation and conflict resolution concepts. From the findings, it is shown that the establishment of ARMM was due to the consequences of a continued state-of-war between the government and the separatist groups. The establishment of BARMM was due to the mismanagement and corruption within ARMM, the limited authority given alas no genuine autonomy, and the stagnant progress of economic development. Furthermore, the two establishments were able to move forward with the help of a wide array of international actors. They provided pressure to the Philippine government to ensure continuing negotiations and they complemented the absence of competent resources. Thus, international cooperation was seen as indispensable to resolving the Mindanao conflict / Konflik Mindanao mengacu pada perjuangan orang Moro untuk menentukan nasib sendiri yang berawal dari perlawanan orang Moro melawan penjajahan Spanyol dan Amerika. Ini berlanjut sewaktu Filipina diproklamasikan sebagai republik dan berlanjut sampai abad ke-21. Konflik tersebut bermula dari pemaksaan asimilasi budaya dan politik yang membahayakan budaya, agama, dan tradisi politik Moro. Akibatnya, kelompok Moro yang adalah minoritas Muslim merasa terpinggirkan dan melanjutkan perjuangan mereka untuk menentukan nasib sendiri yang kemudian dikenal sebagai gerakan separatis Moro. Perjuangan bersenjata antara kelompok separatis dengan pemerintah Filipina mengakibatkan ratusan ribu orang tewas, sejumlah besar pengungsi kemudian tersebar di dalam negeri (IDP), dan mengakibatkan krisis kemanusiaan yang luas. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang membentuk Daerah Otonomi di Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) & Daerah Otonomi Bangsamoro di Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). Sejumlah aktor internasional juga terlibat dalam proses perdamaian dan upaya perdamaian yang terjadi. Selain itu, kepentingan dan agenda masing-masing aktor internasional akan dianalisis untuk lebih memahami kompleksitas konflik ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang kemudian dijelaskan menggunakan kerangka teori Neoliberalisme Bersama konsep kerja sama internasional dan resolusi konflik. Dari temuan yang saya dapatkan terlihat bahwa pembentukan ARMM merupakan konsekuensi dari konflik antara pemerintah dan kelompok-kelompok separatis yang terus berlanjut. Sementara itu pendirian BARMM disebabkan oleh salah kelola dan korupsi di dalam ARMM, kewenangan terbatas yang tidak diberikan yang artinya tidak ada otonomi murni, dan pembangunan ekonomi yang mandek. Selain itu, kedua Lembaga (ARMM dan BARMM) dapat bergerak maju dengan bantuan dari berbagai aktor internasional. Para actor internasional ini memberikan tekanan kepada pemerintah Filipina untuk memastikan kelanjutan negosiasi dan untuk melengkapi ketiadaan sumber daya yang kompeten. Oleh karena itu, kerjasama internasional dipandang sangat diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan konflik di Mindanao.

Item Type: Thesis (Bachelor)
Creators:
CreatorsNIMEmail
Edi, Dhea PramitaNIM01043170074de70074@student.uph.edu
Contributors:
ContributionContributorsNIDN/NIDKEmail
Thesis advisorDjakababa, Yosef D. MarcisNIDN0324117301yosefduph@gmail.com
Additional Information: 31001000236936
Uncontrolled Keywords: separatist movement; international cooperation; conflict resolution; peacebuilding; Bangsamoro autonomous region
Subjects: J Political Science > JZ International relations
Divisions: University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Social and Political Science > International Relations
Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Social and Political Science > International Relations
Depositing User: Users 6515 not found.
Date Deposited: 01 Feb 2021 02:28
Last Modified: 28 Feb 2022 15:48
URI: http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/14473

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