Tinjauan yuridis eksekusi jaminan fidusia kendaraan bermotor pada lembaga pembiayaan konsumen dikaitkan dengan putusan MK No.18/PUU-XVII/2019 (pendekatan kasus PT XYZ)

Prabowo, Ananto Aziz (2021) Tinjauan yuridis eksekusi jaminan fidusia kendaraan bermotor pada lembaga pembiayaan konsumen dikaitkan dengan putusan MK No.18/PUU-XVII/2019 (pendekatan kasus PT XYZ). Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Lembaga pembiayaan keuangan maupun non bank di Indonesia memiliki animo yang sangat tinggi pasca krisis moneter. Salah satu lini bisnis lembaga keuangan non bank yang paling tinggi minatnya ialah consumer finance (pembiayaan konsumen). Perusahaaan multifinance dalam kegiatan usahanya mengedepankan kemudahan dalam pemberian pembiayaan yang dapat dilihat dengan pertumbuhan kredit kendaraan bermotor yang tinggi secara drastis. Tingginya eksekusi jaminan fidusia di multifinance disebabkan adanya kredit yang macet pada kredit kendaraan roda empat. Masalah yang diangkat pada penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana prosedur eksekusi jaminan fidusia yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 Tentang Jaminan Fidusia yang disebabkan kredit macet kendaraan bermotor roda empat pada PT. XYZ di kota Depok. Serta pelaksanaan penyelesaian eksekusi yang menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empris dengan mengacu pada masalah yang diangkat, serta dilihat dengan kasus yang ada dengan dianalisa data kualitatif dan diuji dengan konsep teori, pendapat ahli, peraturan perundang-undangan. Pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan fidusia pada PT XYZ cab. Kota Depok dilaksanakan terhadap debitur yang ingkar janji dengan melakukan penarikan benda dari tangan debitur itu sendiri, namun terdapatnya eksekusi jaminan tidak hanya disebabkan oleh debitur karena wanprestasi. Melainkan terdapat faktor kelalaian PT XYZ dalam meneliti calon debiturnya, PT XYZ tidak melihat perkembangan isu pandemic global Covid-19, dan PT XYZ tidak memberikan syarat Standing Instruction pada debiturnya. Kedudukan hukum antara debitur dan kreditur dalam pelaksanan perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen terdapat ketimpangan hak dan kewajiban, dikarenakan draft kontrak perjanjian yang telah dibuat baku oleh PT XYZ yang mengakibatkan hak yang diperoleh debitur tidak setimpal dengan kewajiban yang ia harus penuhi. Dengan adanya Putusan MK. No.18 PUU-XVII/2019 kedudukan debitur pada ekeskusi jaminan fidusia telah seimbang dalam proses eksekusi jaminan fidusia. Apabila terdapat debitur wanprestasi, maka PT XYZ untuk melakukan eksekusi perlu persetujuan pengadilan bahwa debitur yang bersangkutan ditetapkan pengadilan sebagai pihak yang wanprestasi dalam perjanjian kredit pembiayaan konsumen. / Financial and non-bank financing institutions in Indonesia have a very high interest after the monetary crisis. One of the business lines of non-bank financial institutions with the highest interest is consumer finance. Multi-finance companies in their business activities prioritize the ease of providing financing which can be seen from the drastically high growth of motor vehicle loans. The high execution of fiduciary guarantees at multi-finance companies is due to bad credit on four-wheeled vehicle loans. The problem raised in this study discusses how the procedure for executing fiduciary guarantees is regulated in Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Security caused by bad credit for four-wheeled vehicles at PT. XYZ in the city of Depok. As well as the implementation of the completion of the execution using the empirical juridical approach by referring to the issues raised, as well as looking at the existing cases by analyzing qualitative data and tested with theoretical concepts, expert opinions, laws and regulations. Execution of fiduciary security at PT XYZ Depok City is carried out against debtors who break their promises by making objects withdrawals from the debtor's own hands, but the execution of collateral is not only caused by the debtor due to default. However, there are several elements or factors of negligence, PT XYZ's negligence in researching its prospective debtors, PT XYZ does not see the development of issues due to the global Covid-19 pandemic, and PT XYZ is not strict in providing the Standing Instruction requirements to its debtors. The legal position between debtors and creditors in implementing consumer financing agreements is that there is an imbalance of rights and obligations, due to the draft contract agreement that has been made standard by PT XYZ which results in the rights obtained by the debtor not commensurate with the obligations he must fulfill. With the Constitutional Court Decision. No.18 PUU-XVII / 2019 the position of the debtor at the execution of the fiduciary guarantee has been balanced in the process of executing the fiduciary guarantee. If there is a debtor in default, PT XYZ to carry out the execution requires court approval that the debtor in question is determined by the court as the party in default in the consumer financing credit agreement.

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