Tinjauan hukum terhadap pengalihan jaminan kredit (KPR) yang dilakukan tanpa akta notaris/PPAT

Laos, Yunita Tiffany (2021) Tinjauan hukum terhadap pengalihan jaminan kredit (KPR) yang dilakukan tanpa akta notaris/PPAT. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan tempat tinggal merupakan kebutuhan dasar bagi masyarakat yang kekurangan dana untuk membeli rumah dengan mengajukan kredit ke Bank disebut Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR). Namun dalam pemberian KPR, sering terjadi permasalahan, apabila debitur tidak sanggup lagi membayar angsuran kredit. Salah satunya, melakukan pengalihan jaminan kredit dibawah tangan dengan pihak ketiga tanpa sepengetahuan Bank. Apabila terjadi hal demikian maka bagaimana proses pengalihan jaminan kredit pemilikan rumah (KPR), dilakukan tanpa akta Notaris/PPAT serta akibat hukumnya dan bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli jaminan kredit pemilikan rumah (KPR) yang dilakukan tanpa akta Notaris/PPAT. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif dan pendekatan kasus putusan No. 269/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Tng. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan Pasal 37 ayat (1) PP No. 24 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah menyebutkan peralihan hak atas tanah jual beli hanya dapat didaftarkan jika dibuktikan dengan akta yang dibuat oleh PPAT kemudian Pasal 11 ayat (2) UUHT menyebutkan bahwa dalam Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan dapat diperjanjikan bahwa pemberi hak tanggungan tidak akan melepaskan haknya tanpa persetujuan dari pemegang Hak Tanggungan. Oleh sebab itu perjanjian jual beli dibawah tangan antara debitur dengan pembeli tersebut tidak sah, dianggap Wanprestasi berdasarkan Pasal 1243 KUH Perdata. Untuk melindungi kepentingan pihak ketiga dalam pengalihan jaminan dibawah tangan maka pihak ketiga dapat mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Negeri guna mendapatkan sertifikat dari Bank lalu melakukan proses balik nama sertifikat tersebut pada BPN berdasarkan Pasal 55 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah/The need for a place to live is one of the basic needs of society. For people who lack the funds to buy a house, they can apply for credit at the bank, called a Home Ownership Credit (KPR), but in the provision of KPR, problems often occur, if the debtor is no longer able to pay credit installments. One of them is by transferring credit guarantees under the hands of third parties without the knowledge of the Bank. If this happens, how is the process of transferring home ownership credit guarantees (KPR), carried out without a Notary / PPAT deed and its legal consequences and how is the legal protection for buyers of mortgage guarantee (KPR) carried out without a Notary / PPAT deed. This study uses a normative approach and a case no decision approach. 269 / Pdt.G / 2019 / PN.Tng. The results of this study concluded that based on Article 37 paragraph (1) PP no. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration states that the transfer of rights to land for sale and purchase can only be registered if it is proven by a deed made by PPAT then Article 11 paragraph (2) of the UUHT states that in the Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights it can be agreed that the guarantor of the mortgage will not give up his rights without approval from the holder of the Mortgage. Therefore the sale and purchase agreement under the hand between the debtor and the buyer is not valid, it is considered as Default based on Article 1243 of the Civil Code. In order to protect the interests of third parties in transferring under-hand collateral, the third party may file a lawsuit at the District Court to obtain a certificate from the Bank and then proceed to reverse the name of the certificate to BPN based on Article 55 of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration.

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