Dampak beroperasinya PT Freeport Indonesia terhadap konflik Papua = The impact of PTFreeport Indonesia's operations on Papua conflict

Jordan, Timothy (2021) Dampak beroperasinya PT Freeport Indonesia terhadap konflik Papua = The impact of PTFreeport Indonesia's operations on Papua conflict. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Freeport McMoran (FCX) adalah perusahaan asal Amerika Serikat yang melakukan operasional tambang di Indonesia melalui anak perusahaannya, PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI). PTFI beroperasi semenjak tahun 1967 di Kabupaten Mimika, Papua. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak yang telah diberikan oleh PT Freeport Indonesia bagi masyarakat Papua, khususnya terhadap konflik Papua. Teori neo-marxisme, teori sistem dunia, teori tetesan ke bawah serta konsep perusahaan multinasional, konflik internal dan hak asasi manusia menjadi dasar pemikiran dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian bersifat kualitatif dan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan penelusuran daring. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis naratif dan event-structure analysis. Penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa beroperasinya PTFI memberikan dampak bagi konflik Papua, tidak hanya negatif tetapi juga positif. Dampak negatifnya adalah pelanggaran HAM berupa korban jiwa, kerusakan tempat tinggal, fasilitas umum, pertambangan dan lain-lain. Masyarakat Papua kerap melakukan resistensi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraannya terhadap PTFI yang dilindungi oleh aparat keamanan Indonesia. PTFI memiliki rasa tanggung jawab dengan melakukan investasi kepada masyarakat Papua, terutama suku Amungme dan Kamoro. Oleh karena itu, dampak positifnya antara lain berkembangnya pendidikan dan kesehatan di daerah sekitar PTFI, pembangunan fasilitas umum, peningkatan lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat Papua dan lain-lain. Walaupun begitu, investasi yang diberikan oleh PTFI berguna untuk mengukuhkan posisi sebagai perusahaan multinasional sebagai perwujudan teori tetesan ke bawah./ Freeport McMoran (FCX) is a company from United States which operates mining operations through FCX’s subsidiary, PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI). PTFI has been operating in Mimika, Papua since 1967. This research has conducted to identify the impact that has been given by PTFI, especially to the Papua conflict. Neo-marxism theory, world-system theory, trickle-down theory, the concepts of multinational corporations, internal conflict, and human rights are the rationale for conducting the research. This qualitative research uses descriptive method. The data collection technique used for the study was obtained from primary data, namely an interview and secondary data in the form of literature studies and online searches. Then all the data will be analyzed using narrative analysis techniques and event-structure analysis. This research identifies not only negative, but positive impacts that PTFI has given to Papua conflict. The negative impacts are violations to the human rights in the form of casualties, damages to property, public facilities and mining, etc. The Papuan people often resist to improve their welfare against PTFI which is protected by Indonesian National Armed Forces. PTFI has a strong sense of responsibility by investing in the Papuan people, especially the Amungme and Kamoro tribes to improve their quality of life. Therefore, the positive impacts include the development of education and health in the local area around PTFI, construction of public facilities, increasing job oppoturnities to the Papuan people, etc. The investments by PTFI were made to strengthen the position of PTFI in Indonesia, as applied by trickle-down theory.

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