The characteristics of Indonesia's diplomacy in protecting Indonesian Migrant Labor in Saudi Arabia period 2009-mid 2012 = Karakteristik diplomasi Indonesia dalam melindungi Tenaga Kerja Migran Indonesia di Arab Saudi periode 2009-pertengahan 2012

Sariowan, Rosalina (2013) The characteristics of Indonesia's diplomacy in protecting Indonesian Migrant Labor in Saudi Arabia period 2009-mid 2012 = Karakteristik diplomasi Indonesia dalam melindungi Tenaga Kerja Migran Indonesia di Arab Saudi periode 2009-pertengahan 2012. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Since 2009 until mid 2012, Saudi Arabia has been the first major destination country for Indonesian migrant labor, particularly to work as domestic worker. There are economic and non-economic factor as driving forces that encourage the rapid flows of workers’ departure. However, high statistics of migrant labor departure is unfortunately accompanied by violation even capital punishment that has to be endured by Indonesian migrant labor. Protecting international labor migration is part of anti-human trafficking movement that belongs to global community responsibility. In fact, this is mandatory to have G to G agreement and Mandatory Consular Notification to ensure the protection. The objectives of this research are to describe the characteristic of Indonesia’s diplomacy in protecting Indonesian migrant labor, particularly domestic workers. In addition, it wants to elaborate the implementation of diplomacy with its preliminary result. The research is conducted based on neoliberal institutionalism theory including its concepts such as complex interdependence, international cooperation, international law, regime, and positive sum game; diplomacy; transnational organized crime which also encompasses human trafficking issue; and international labor migration. This final project is using qualitative method and descriptive approach. The analysis of this research finds that Indonesia uses bilateral, multilateral, coercive and multi-track diplomacy. There is no regular forum for both countries to converge so that there are several deliberate meetings made. The diplomacy process experiences escalation, stagnancy as well as de-escalation. Finally it can be deduced that the role of Indonesia’s diplomacy is weak and ineffective as reflected from its preliminary outcomes and lack of protection provided by Indonesia since before departure of the migrant workers. / Sejak 2009 hingga pertengahan 2012, Arab Saudi telah menjadi negara tujuan utama untuk pekerja migran Indonesia, terutama untuk bekerja sebagai pekerja rumah tangga. Faktor ekonomi dan non-ekonomi berperan sebagai faktor penggerak yang mendorong arus keberangkatan pekerja ke negara tersebut. Namun, statistik keberangkatan pekerja migran yang tinggi disertai dengan kekerasan bahkan hukuman mati yang harus dialami oleh buruh migran Indonesia. Melindungi tenaga kerja migran internasional merupakan bagian dari gerakan anti perdagangan manusia yang adalah tanggung jawab komunitas global untuk memeranginya. Maka dari itu, salah satu instrument penting adalah dengan memiliki perjanjian antar kedua negara dan Mandatory Consular Notification. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan karakteristik diplomasi Indonesia dalam melindungi buruh migran Indonesia, terutama pekerja rumah tangga. Selain itu juga, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pelaksanaan atau implementasi diplomasi beserta dengan hasil awal. Penelitian ini dilaksakan berdasarkan perspektif teori neoliberal institusionalisme termasuk konsep di dalamnya seperti complex interdependence, hukum internasional, kerjasama internasional, rezim, dan positive sum game; diplomasi; kejahatan transnasional terorganisasi yang juga mencakup masalah perdagangan manusia; dan migrasi tenaga kerja internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif. Analisis penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia menggunakan jenis diplomasi bilateral, multilateral, koersif dan multi-track. Tidak ada forum rutin bagi kedua negara untuk bernegosiasi sehingga diadakan beberapa pertemuan yang sengaja dibuat. Proses diplomasi antara kedua negara mengalami eskalasi, stagnasi serta de-eskalasi. Akhirnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran diplomasi Indonesia lemah dan tidak efektif seperti yang tercermin dari pencapaian hasil mula-mula dan kurangnya perlindungan yang disediakan

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