Understanding Indonesian foreign policy of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in his second term of 2009-2014 through the constructivism perspective and the realist criticism towards it

Pangaribuan, Thomas Pandapotan Lazuardy (2015) Understanding Indonesian foreign policy of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in his second term of 2009-2014 through the constructivism perspective and the realist criticism towards it. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Indonesia’s nature of foreign policy focuses on national identity building, where it use the identity of a democratic country to attained leverage in its external environment. This approach of foreign policy can be explained through Constructivism theory of International Relations. This theory explained on how Indonesia uses its own identity, an immaterial value, to project itself to conform with its external environment in order gain influence. Realism theory of international relations reject this assumptions, by criticizing indonesia’s approach that is putting too much emphasis on immaterial value, in reality however it is material value, like military power, that plays an important role in attaining leverage. Data relevant to this thesis is going to be collected through the method of examination of documents from sources like government documents, particularly the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, textbooks on theories of International Relations and the State secretary database that store Presidential Speeches. The data gathered is in the form of qualitative data, with additional quantitative data in the form of tables to support the analysis in the discussions of this thesis. In this qualitative data research, analysis of data would be done using analytic framework of linked concepts and classifications to understand the underlying process. From the research, it can be explored about the background, nature, practice, and interest of why Indonesia change its national identity and project the new identity to its external environment to gain leverage. / Kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia berfokus pada pembangunan identitas nasional, di mana ia menggunakan identitas-nya negara demokrasi untuk mendapat pengaruh di lingkungan eksternal. Pendekatan terhadap kebijakan luar negeri berhasil dijelaskan oleh teori konstruktivisme dalam Hubungan Internasional. Teori ini menjelaskan bagaimana Indonesia menggunakan identitas sendiri, yang merupakan nilai immateriil, untuk memproyeksikan dirinya guna menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan eksternal, demi mendapatkan pengaruh di lingkungan tersbut. Teori realisme hubungan internasional menolak asumsi ini, teori ini mengkritik pendekatan Indonesia yang menempatkan terlalu banyak penekanan terhadap nilai imateriil, namun pada kenyataannya yang paling terpenting itu adalah nilai material, seperti kekuatan militer, yang memainkan peran penting dalam pencapaian pengaruh. Data yang relevan dengan tesis ini akan dikumpulkan melalui metode pemeriksaan dokumen dari sumber-sumber seperti dokumen pemerintah, khususnya Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia, buku teks tentang teori-teori Hubungan Internasional dan database Sekretaris Negara yang menyimpan pidatopidato presiden. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data kualitatif, dengan data kuantitatif tambahan dalam bentuk tabel untuk mendukung analisis dalam diskusi skripsi ini. Dalam penelitian ini data kualitatif, analisis data akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja analitis dengan konsep terkait dan klasifikasi untuk memahami esensi dasar dari subjek tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat dieksplorasi tentang latar belakang, sifat, praktek, dan kepentingan mengapa Indonesia mengubah identitas nasional-nya dan meproyeksikan identitas baru ke lingkungan eksternal untuk mendapatkan pengaruh.

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