Analisa dan desain Shear Wall dengan sebuah bukaan. = Analysis and design shear wall with an openiing

Merryana, Merryana (2007) Analisa dan desain Shear Wall dengan sebuah bukaan. = Analysis and design shear wall with an openiing. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pengunaan shear wall sebagai sistem struktur bangunan bertingkat khususnya apartemen untuk menahan beban gempa kadang mengharuskan adanya bukaan untuk pintu dan jendela. Bukaan menimbulkan masalah perencanaan struktur yaitu terjadi konsentrasi tegangan pada sudut bukaan. Penumpukan tegangan menyebabkan keretakan pada beton jika tidak diberikan tulangan yang sesuai. Salah satu metoda dalam perencanaan tulangan struktur beton adalah strut and tie model (STM). Metoda yang ditetapkan dalam Appendix A peraturan ACI 318-02 ini dapat merencanakan tulangan untuk berbagai struktur yang mengalami diskontinuitas geomerti seperti kasus shear wall dengan bukaan. Pengunaan metoda ini diawali dengan perencanaan analogi rangka batang. STM mengacu pada prinsip struktur beton bertulang yaitu, gaya tekan (strut) ditahan beton sedangkan gaya tarik (tie) ditahan tulangan. Batang tekan dan batang tarik pada suatu join (node) dan harus berada dalam kesetimbangan. Kontrol kekuatan strut, tie, dan node adalah dengan membandingkan kekuatan nominal strut, tie, dan node dengan beban ultimate, dimana kuat nominal harus lebih besar dari beban ultimate. Selanjutnya, dilakukan perencanaan tulangan sesuai dengan lokasi dan kekuatan tie. / In high-rise building, shear wall plays an important role in resisting earthquake load. The architectural design for door or window in apartment may require shear wall to have an opening. Shear wall with opening is likely to create structural problem. Such opening will produce large stress concentration at the corners. Generally speaking, stress concentration will cause the concrete to crack unless adequate reinforcements are provided. The strut and tie model (STM), published in Appendix A of ACI 318-02, provides an excellent tool for the design of reinforcement in structures that have geometric discontinuity, including shear wall with an opening. However, there is no simple step to determine the most visible truss configuration which is the first step of STM. In relationship with concrete structure, the tension member of the truss will represent reinforcements, called tie. While the compression member will represent concrete, called strut. Tension and compression members met at the same joint (node) have to be in equilibrium state. The next step is to determine the strength of strut, tie, and node which have to be higher than the ultimate load working on them. Finally, reinforcements are located according to the location of the tie and in the right number needed.

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