Pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap badan hukum koperasi simpan pinjam sebagai perlindungan hukum bagi pengguna jasa

Sugeng, Sugeng (2020) Pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap badan hukum koperasi simpan pinjam sebagai perlindungan hukum bagi pengguna jasa. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Sebagai badan usaha dan gerakan ekonomi rakyat, koperasi mempunyai basis konstitusional yang kuat. Meskipun demikian, kontribusi koperasi dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional masih rendah. Dalam sejarahnya yang panjang, berbagai masalah menghambat perkembangan koperasi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis masalah pembinaan dan pengawasan koperasi berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian menemukan, pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap koperasi masih lemah. UndangUndang No. 2 Tahun 1992 tentang Perkoperasian tidak mengatur secara lengkap pengawasan otoritas terhadap kinerja koperasi, baik secara kelembagaan maupun keuangan. Pengawasan terhadap koperasi lebih mengedepankan mekanisme internal, melalui badan pengawas koperasi. Dengan model pengawasan demikian, banyak terjadi masalah hukum yang berkaitan dengan koperasi, misalnya kegiatan investasi ilegal yang merugikan masyarakat serta merusak citra koperasi, khususnya koperasi simpan pinjam (KSP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara terhadap beberapa narasumber yang relevan dengan masalah yang dikaji. Bahan-bahan hukum primer yang digunakan berupa peraturan perundang-undangan koperasi, lembaga keuangan mikro, perbankan, dan otoritas jasa keuangan. Untuk merespon perubahan dan kebutuhan hukum masyarakat, diperlukan pembaruan hukum koperasi yang dapat memberikan kewenangan lebih luas kepada otoritas untuk dapat menilai dan mengevaluasi kinerja koperasi, serta memberikan sanksi tegas bagi pihak yang menyalahgunakan koperasi untuk kegiatan investasi ilegal. Penguatan pembinaan dan pengawasan koperasi diperlukan karena kegiatan koperasi simpan pinjam terintegrasi dengan industri jasa keuangan, terlebih jika terdapat afiliasi koperasi dengan lembaga jasa keuangan lain. Selain itu, diperlukan lembaga penjaminan simpanan koperasi, untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan anggota terhadap koperasi. / As business entities and people's economic movements, cooperatives have a clear constitutional basis. Even so, the contribution of cooperatives in national economic development is still low. Various problems have hampered the development of cooperatives in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the problem of cooperative development and supervision based on the prevailing laws and regulations. The results of the study found that the guidance and supervision of cooperatives is weak. Act of The Republic of Indonesia Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives does not regulate the supervision of the authority on the performance of cooperatives, both institutionally and financially. Supervision of cooperatives tends to prioritize internal mechanisms, through a cooperative supervisory body. With this supervisory model, there are many legal problems related to cooperatives, for example illegal investment activities that harm the community and worsen the image of the cooperative. This study was a normative juridical research which is complemented by interviews with several relevant sources. The primary legal materials used was in the form of laws and regulations on cooperatives, microfinance institutions, banking institutions and financial service authorities (OJK). In order to respond to changes and legal needs of the community, a cooperative legal reform is needed that can give broader authority to the authorities to be able to assess and evaluate the performance of cooperatives, and provide strict sanctions for parties who abuse cooperatives for illegal investment activities and other illegal acts. Strengthening the coaching and supervision of cooperatives is needed because savings and loan cooperative activities are integrated with the financial services industry, especially if there are cooperative ownership affiliations with other financial service institutions. In addition, a cooperative deposit insurance agency is needed to increase members' trust in cooperatives.

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