Betlehn, Andrew (2020) Kedudukan hukum kontrak sebagai suatu perjanjian menurut kuh perdata dan undang-undang ITE. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Perkembangan teknologi informasi menghasilkan internet dan menciptakan suatu era digital di mana manusia mulai memasuki era globalisasi yang kental dengan teknologi. Keberadaan era digital ini menimbulkan peluang dan tantangan yang baru dalam bidang perdagangan, utamanya perdagangan yang ternyata dalam bentuk transaksi elektronik. Di mana perdagangan tersebut merubahkan pola serta kebiasaan lama dan bertranformasi ke dalam era digital yang mana interaksi tatap muka tidak lagi dibutuhkan di mana seringkali juga terdapat perbedaan ruang dan waktu antara penjual dan konsumen pada saat transaksi dilakukan. Era ini menghasilkan suatu bentuk yang baru di dalam kontrak; kontrak tidak lagi berbentuk konvensional dengan menggunakan kertas dan tinta sebagai media tetapi masuk ke dalam bentuk elektronik dengan tatanan dan aturan main yang tidak pernah ada sebelumnya. Oleh karenanya, pembaruan legislasi utamanya di Indonesia, sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengakomodir penggunaan kontrak elektronik tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan komparatif. Dalam penelitian, data yang dipergunakan adalah data sekunder yaitu data hasil penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Keberadaan teori perjanjian, kepastian hukum, dan teori sistem hukum menjadi alat untuk membedah rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui peraturan nasional tentang kontrak elektronik di Indonesia dan beberapa negara Asia Tenggara serta India dipengaruhi dan mengadopsi instrumen internasional, hanya saja yang dimuat dalam teks hukum nasional masing-masing negara berbeda-beda karena menyesuaikan dengan keadaan dan kebutuhan negara-negara tersebut. Terkait perbedaan itu terdapat beberapa perubahan yang dapat dilakukan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai kontrak elektronik di Indonesia. Kasus kontrak elektronik di Indonesia pada umumnya tidak mempermasalahkan keabsahan karena sifatnya yang elektronik, melainkan fokus terhadap syaratsyarat sahnya kontrak elektronik sebagaimana tertuang dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dan kepada inti masalahnya (umumnya karena wanprestasi atau perbuatan melawan hukum). Namun dibutuhkan adanya suatu metode penyelesaian sengketa dengan lembaga khusus yang menangani penyelesaian sengketa terkait kontrak elektronik agar prosesnya dapat menyesuaikan dengan sifat dan karakter unik kontrak elektronik. Tujuan dibuatnya instrumen internasional di bidang perdangan internasional adalah harmonisasi and unifikasi hukum, agar hukum nasional berbagai negara di dunia selaras sehingga penerapannya pun lebih mudah. Karena itu pengaturan hukum kontrak elektronik di Indonesia idealnya harus sesuai dengan instrumen hukum internasional. / The development of information technology has produced the internet and created a digital era in which humans have begun living in an era of globalization which is packed with technology. The existence of the digital era created new opportunities as well as challenges in the field of trade, especially trade done in the form of electronic transactions. Trade is changing patterns and old habits and has transformed into a digital era where face-to-face interaction is no longer needed in which oftentimes there are also differences in space and time between sellers and consumers during transaction. This era caused a new form of contract; a kind of contract that is no longer in the conventional form of using paper and ink as a medium but is entered into in electronic form with constructs and rules that have never existed previously. Therefore, reform of the main legislation in Indonesia urgently needed to accommodate the use of electronic contract. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statute approach and comparative approach. In this research, the data used are secondary data, namely data resulting from library research using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The existence of contract theory, legal certainty theory, and legal system theory is a tool to dissect the problems raised in this study. The result of the research shows that national regulations on electronic contracts in Indonesia and several Southeast Asian countries and India are influenced and adopt the provisions of international instruments, with those contained in the national legal texts of each country differing slightly because of the adjustment to the circumstances and needs of such countries. In relation to the aforementioned differences, there are several changes that can be made to the laws and regulations regarding electronic contracts in Indonesia. Cases relating to electronic contracts in Indonesia in general do not revolve around the validity because of its electronic nature, and rather focus on the legal requirements of electronic contracts as stipulated in legislation and dive into the core of the problem (generally due to an event of default or unlawful acts). However, there is a need for a method for resolving disputes with specialized institutions that handle dispute resolution related to electronic contracts so that the process can adjust to the unique nature and characteristics of electronic contracts. The purpose of enacting international instruments in the field of international trade is the harmonization and unification of laws, so that the national laws of various countries in the world are in harmony so that they can be more easily applied. Thus the legal regulation of electronic contracts in Indonesia should ideally be in accordance with those international legal instruments.
Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) | ||||||||||||
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Additional Information: | D 57-17 BET k | ||||||||||||
Uncontrolled Keywords: | electronic contracts ; legal agreement ; law number 19 of 2016 concerning amendments to law number 11 of 2008 concerning electronic information and transactions | ||||||||||||
Subjects: | K Law > K Law (General) | ||||||||||||
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Doctor of Law Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Doctor of Law |
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Depositing User: | Users 18240 not found. | ||||||||||||
Date Deposited: | 09 Mar 2021 06:36 | ||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 16 Aug 2021 07:53 | ||||||||||||
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/28168 |
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