Akibat hukum perjanjian kredit tanpa pembebanan hak tanggungan terkait apht dan skmht dihadapan ppat yang batal demi hukum

Zagoto, Soraya Rai Tania (2015) Akibat hukum perjanjian kredit tanpa pembebanan hak tanggungan terkait apht dan skmht dihadapan ppat yang batal demi hukum. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Bank menjalankan kegiatan usaha didasarkan atas kepercayaan masyarakat, sehingga bank dalam menjalankan kegiatan usaha agar dipercaya masyarakat menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian. Bank dalam menjalankan kegiatan usaha memberikan kredit selalu berusaha menempatkan diri sebagai kreditur preferen, namun karena sesuatu hal menjadi kreditur preferen. Hal yang dipermasalahkan berkaitan dengan usaha bank memberikan kredit yaitu apakah kreditur memperoleh jaminan pelunasan hutang apabila perjanjian kreditur diikuti dengan pembebanan Hak Tanggungan, apa manfaat pembebanan Hak Tanggungan bagi kreditur dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian kredit, bagaimana upaya kreditur untuk memperoleh pelunasan hutangnya, meskipun kreditur bukan sebagai pemegang utama (kreditor konkuren) . Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach), diperoleh suatu kesimpulan sebagai hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: Kreditur memperoleh jaminan pelunasan hutang apabila perjanjian kreditur diikuti dengan pembebanan Hak Tanggungan. Kredit sebagaimana ditentukan dalam pasal 1 angka 1 UU Perbankan, sebagai dasar adanya hubungan hukum antara bank selaku kreditur dengan pihak yang memperoleh fasilitas kredit sebagai debitur. Bank sebelum memberikan kredit terlebih dahulu melakukan penilaian secara seksama satu di antara yang dinilai oleh bank adalah adanya benda milik debitur yang dibebani sebagai jaminan. Pembebanannya dibuat dalam suatu bentuk perjanjian tambahan (accessoir), yang keberadaannya didasarkan atas perjanjian pokok yaitu pinjam meminjam. Pembebanan benda sebagai jaminan dimaksudkan sebagai jaminan pelunasan utang oleh kreditur manakala debitur tidak mampu mengembalikan pinjamannya atau wanprestasi. Manfaat pembebanan Hak Tanggungan bagi kreditur dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian kredit, adanya kepastian dalam pengikatan jaminan untuk dapat menjamin pelunasan hutang kreditur yang diawali dengan dilakukan pembuatan akta pemberian hak tanggungan oleh PPAT sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undanganyang berlaku, dan wajib didaftar pada Kantor Pertanahan. Kantor Pertanahan menerbitkan tanda bukti adanya hak tanggungan, berupa sertipikat hak tanggungan sesuai dengan peraturan per-undang-undangan yang berlaku. Sertipikat hak tanggungan sebagaimana dimaksud di atas memuat irah-irah dengan kata-kata "DEMI KEADILAN BERDASARKAN KETUHANAN YANG MAHA ESA". Sertipikat hak tanggungan mempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial yang sama dengan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap dan berlaku sebagai pengganti grosse acte Hypotheek sepanjang mengenai hak atas tanah. Upaya kreditur untuk memperoleh pelunasan hutangnya, meskipun kreditur bukan sebagai pemegang utama (kreditor konkuren), dengan cara mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Negeri atas dasar debitur telah wanprestasi dengan mengajukan permohonan sita untuk seluruh benda milik debitur dijadikan jaminan pelunasan utang / Bank run a business activity based on public trust, so the banks in conducting business activities in order to trusted people applying the precautionary principle. Bank in conducting business activities give credit always tried to position itself as a preferred creditor, but for some reason become preferred creditor. The question relating to the business of the bank providing the credit, namely whether the creditor to obtain guarantees the repayment of debt if an agreement creditors followed by the imposition of Encumbrance, what are the benefits of loading Encumbrance for creditors in the execution of the credit agreement, how the efforts of creditors to obtain repayment of the debt, even though the lender is not as holder The main (concurrent creditors). research approach legislation (statute approach), approach the concept (conceptual approach), obtained a conclusion as a result of the study as follows: Creditors obtain guarantees repayment of debt if the creditor agreement was followed by the imposition of Mortgage. Credit as defined in Article 1 paragraph 1 of the Banking Act, as the basis for the legal relationship between the bank as lender to the party who obtained the credit facility as a debtor. Bank before granting credit first conducting a thorough assessment one of which was rated by the bank is the debtor's possessions are encumbered as collateral. The assignment is made in a form of additional agreements (accessir), whose existence is based on the following principal lending and borrowing agreement. Imposition of objects as collateral is intended as a guarantee of repayment of the debt by the creditor when the debtor is unable to repay their loans or defaults. Benefits loading Encumbrance for creditors in the execution of the credit agreement, beginning denghan done by deed granting a security interest by PPAT in accordance with applicable laws and undanganyang, and shall be registered at the Land Office. Land Office published a proof of the existence of a security interest, in the form of encumbrance certificate in accordance with the regulations by-laws and regulations apply. Encumbrance certificate referred to above contains irah-irah with the words "FOR THE SAKE OF JUSTICE UNDER THE ONE ALMIGHTY GOD". Encumbrance certificate has the power executorial same court decision that has obtained permanent legal force and effect as a substitute grosse acte hypotheek along over land rights. Efforts creditors to obtain repayment of the debt, although the creditor rather than as the main holder (concurrent creditors), by filing a lawsuit in the District Court on the basis of default by the debtor has applied for seizure for all objects belonging to the debtor pledged as collateral for debt repayment

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