Tinjauan yuridis terhadap pembagian hak waris anak angkat berdasarkan kompilasi hukum Islam (studi putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia no.485k/ag/2013 tanggal 04 Oktober 2013)

Winarsih, Winarsih (2019) Tinjauan yuridis terhadap pembagian hak waris anak angkat berdasarkan kompilasi hukum Islam (studi putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia no.485k/ag/2013 tanggal 04 Oktober 2013). Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

This legal research aims to determine the position of adopted children according to the Compilation of Islamic Law. Regarding the position of adopted children to inheritance rights, most people state that adopted children are heirs. The process of distributing property to adopted children is automatically divided when the heir dies with a position that is aligned with the biological child. The inheritance of the foster parents is given as a whole both the property of gono gini and the inheritance with the portion according to the wishes of the adoptive parents. The desired inheritance law is Islamic law, and most of them do not use the help of scholars. Normatively, this is very contradictory between the fact of the statement of society and the desired rule of law, namely Islamic law. This is due to ignorance of Islamic law relating to adopted children. The adopted child does not have blood relations with his adoptive parents but he has the right to get affection like a biological child, get a living, get proper education and the right to get fulfillment of life's needs. Due to the lack of blood relations between adopted children and adoptive parents, adopted children cannot become heirs of their adoptive parents' inheritance in accordance with Article 174 Compilation of Islamic Law. Even though adopted children are not heirs, adopted children are entitled to the inheritance portion of their adoptive parents by obtaining a part on a mandatory will as Article 209 paragraph (2) Compilation of Islamic Law which is not more than (one third) of all people's inheritance adoptive old man. This research with a normative juridical method aims to determine the right of adopted children to inheritance according to Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia. Often disputes occur between heirs and adopted children regarding the distribution of inheritance from adoptive parents. The settlement of Islamic inheritance disputes in which the parties are Muslim is settled in the Religious Court because the decision of the Religious Courts refers to Islamic law and Compilation of Islamic Law so that the decision is in accordance with Islamic inheritance law. / Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kedudukan anak angkat menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Mengenai kedudukan anak angkat terhadap hak waris, sebagian besar masyarakat menyatakan bahwa anak angkat merupakan ahli waris. Proses pembagian harta kepada anak angkat secara otomatis terbagi ketika pewaris meninggal dengan kedudukan yang disejajarkan dengan anak kandung. Harta peninggalan dari orang tua angkat diberikan secara keseluruhan baik harta gono gini maupun harta bawaan dengan porsi sesuai kehendak orang tua angkat. Adapun hukum pewarisan yang dikehendaki adalah hukum Islam, dan sebagian besar tidak menggunakan bantuan ulama. Secara normatif, hal tersebut sangat bertentangan antara fakta dari pernyataan masyarakat dengan aturan hukum yang dikehendaki, yaitu hukum Islam. Hal ini, karena ketidaktahuan terhadap hukum Islam yang berkaitan dengan anak angkat. Anak angkat tidak memiliki hubungan darah dengan orangtua angkatnya namun ia berhak untuk mendapatkan kasih sayang seperti anak kandung, mendapatkan nafkah, mendapatkan pendidikan yang layak dan hak untuk mendapatkan pemenuhan kebutuhan kehidupan. Dikarenakan tidak adanya hubungan darah antara anak angkat dengan orangtua angkatnya maka anak angkat tidak bisa menjadi ahli waris harta warisan orang tua angkatnya sesuai dengan pasal 174 Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Meskipun anak angkat bukan sebagai ahli waris, namun anak angkat berhak atas bagian harta warisan orangtua angkatnya dengan mendapatkan bagian atas dasar wasiat wajibah sebagaimana pasal 209 ayat (2) Kompilasi Hukum Islam yang besarnya tidak lebih dari (satu per tiga) dari seluruh harta peninggalan orang tua angkatnya. Penelitian dengan metode yuridis normatif ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui hak anak angkat terhadap harta warisan menurut hukum waris Islam di Indonesia.

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