Aplikasi konsep small-world pada sistem wireless sensor network dengan algoritma gravity = Application of the concept of the small-world on the wireless sensor network systems with gravity algorithm

Adityo, Agustinus (2012) Aplikasi konsep small-world pada sistem wireless sensor network dengan algoritma gravity = Application of the concept of the small-world on the wireless sensor network systems with gravity algorithm. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network is a form of ad-hoc network that consists of a large number of nodes. Each node has a sensing module but limited resources. The main goal of every node is to send the information it receives, either from its sensor or from other node, to the neighboring node until it reaches the sink. This study used the Gravity algorithm, which will give the value of gravity on each node so as to form a virtual contour that will guide the data transmission to the sink. Small-world phenomenon was first discovered by Stanley Milgram in 1967. Through his experiments, Milgram found that every person in the world on average is only separated by six degrees (six degrees of separation), this makes the world seemed to be small (small-world). One of the most important characteristics of small-world is the appearance of irregular connection between nodes that are separated far away, causing the data transmission to travel through the shortcuts and thus can reach the destination much faster. In this study, this concept of small-world is applied to Wireless Sensor Network systems. A value of randomness will be given to a perfectly build network. This value will determine the number of normal connections that will be cut off and the shortcuts that will be built. Through simulation with OMNeT++, we evaluated that the total transmission of the system is reduced significantly. One simulation with a large number of nodes (1000 nodes) even showed the number of transmissions to be 1/1026 than a network without small-world random connections./ Wireless Sensor Network adalah sebuah bentuk jaringan ad-hoc yang terdiri dari sejumlah besar node. Setiap node dilengkapi dengan modul penginderaan namun memiliki sumber daya yang terbatas. Setiap node bertugas mengirimkan data yang diperoleh, dari hasil penginderaan dan dari node lain, ke node tetangganya agar data tersebut dapat mencapai sink. Algoritma yang digunakan dalam percobaan adalah Gravity. Small-world adalah sebuah fenomena yang pertama kali ditemukan oleh Stanley Milgram pada tahun 1967. Milgram melalui eksperimennya menemukan bahwa setiap orang di dunia ini rata-rata hanya terpisah sejauh enam tingkat (six degrees of separation) yang membuat dunia seakan-akan menjadi kecil (small world). Salah satu syarat penting dari smallworld adalah adanya lompatan-lompatan koneksi yang tidak terbatas jaraknya, menyebabkan pesan dapat sampai ke tujuan lebih cepat. Konsep dari small-world ini kemudian dicoba diterapkan pada sebuah sistem Wireless Sensor Network. Jaringan yang teratur diberi probabilitas randomness tertentu yang akan menentukan jumlah koneksi normal yang putus dan koneksi jalan pintas yang terbentuk. Melalui simulasi dengan OMNeT++, terlihat bahwa terjadi penurunan jumlah transmisi total yang cukup signifikan. Simulasi dengan jumlah node yang besar (1000 nodes) bahkan menunjukkan penurunan jumlah transmisi hingga 1/1026 dibanding jaringan tanpa koneksi random small-world

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