Perancangan hunian vertikal Kampung Akuarium berdasarkan konsep bermukim bersama arsitektur vernakular dan cohousing = Vertical housing design in kampung akuarium based on the concept of living together of vernacular architecture and cohousing

Antonious, Gilbert (2021) Perancangan hunian vertikal Kampung Akuarium berdasarkan konsep bermukim bersama arsitektur vernakular dan cohousing = Vertical housing design in kampung akuarium based on the concept of living together of vernacular architecture and cohousing. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Konsep bermukim bersama merupakan sebuah pengertian yang berpusat kepada kehidupan komunitas yang melakukan aktivitas mereka secara bersama-sama. Pola seperti ini seringkali ditemukan penerapannya pada masyarakat vernakular (tradisional), khususnya di Indonesia, serta pada masyarakat cohousing (modern). Oleh karena bermukim secara bersama, peran ruang komunal pada arsitektur vernakular dan cohousing menjadi penting dalam mewadahi kegiatan sehari-hari masyarakatnya. Namun, seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, pola bermukim bersama mulai berubah menjadi pola bermukim individualis. Hal ini diperburuk dengan faktor urbanisasi yang terjadi pada kota-kota besar di Indonesia. Salah satu bentuk hunian komunal yang ada di Indonesia saat ini adalah rumah susun. Akan tetapi, sebagai sebuah bentuk hunian komunal, rumah susun belum dapat menjawab fenomena komunalitas yang terjadi pada kehidupan masyarakatnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai konsep bermukim bersama diperlukan untuk menanggapi fenomena komunalitas pada jenis hunian komunal. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi desain dan menerapkan gagasan perancangan hunian komunal melalui konsep bermukim bersama. Konsep bermukim bersama dikaji berdasarkan komunalitas pada arsitektur vernakular dan pada cohousing, karena keduanya merupakan permukiman yang erat dengan nilai komunalitas. Analisis kajian menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui buku dan jurnal penelitian yang relevan dengan topik. Tapak perancangan yang dipilih adalah Kampung Akuarium di Jakarta Utara dengan urgensi penataan ulang kampung menjadi permukiman vertikal. Hasil perancangan berupa hunian vertikal yang dapat menanggapi fenomena komunalitas pada kawasan Kampung Akuarium. Fenomena komunalitas ditanggapi dengan cara menghadirkan ruang-ruang komunal sebagai pusat kegiatan komunal masyarakat, seperti ruang makan bersama dan koridor hijau. Ruang makan bersama diletakkan pada tengah-tengah denah tiap lantai blok hunian. Sedangkan koridor hijau digunakan sebagai pusat kegiatan agrikultur masyarakat, sekaligus sebagai area transisi dari satu blok hunian ke blok lainnya. Terdapat beberapa ruang komunal lainnya di sekitar kawasan yang juga dapat menunjang aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat, seperti area komersial, area pengeringan ikan asin, dan taman baca. / The concept of living together is a definition that centered around the life of a community who performs their daily activities together. This settlement pattern was usually found in vernacular community (traditional), especially in Indonesia, and in cohousing community (modern). Because they live together, the role of communal space in vernacular architecture and cohousing became the most important part of the community. However, along with the times, the living together settlement has changed into individualism settlement. This is made worse by the urbanism that happened at big cities in Indonesia. One form of communal dwellings example in Indonesia can be found in the form of flats. But, as a form of communal dwelling, flats have yet to answer the communality phenomenon that happens inside its society. Therefore, a research about the concept of living together is needed in order to respond the communality phenomenon in the form of communal dwellings. The purpose of this paper is to establish design strategies and to show communal dwelling’s design ideas with the practice of the living together concept. The concept itself is studied based on the communality in vernacular architecture and cohousing, as both of them are community-based settlements. Study analysis using qualitative methods with books and research journals relevant with the topic of study. The selected site is Kampung Akuarium at North Jakarta with the urgency of rearranging the village into a vertical settlement. The design results are in the form of vertical housing that can respond to the phenomenon of communality in Kampung Akuarium. The phenomenon itself is responded by applying some communal areas as the center of resident’s communal activities, such as communal dining room and green corridor. The communal dining room is placed in the center of each floor of the residential block. Whereas the green corridor acts as the center of agriculture activity for the residents, while also acts as the transition area from one residential block to the other. There are also several other communal areas in the site that can sustain the economic activity for the residents, such as the commercial area, the salted fish drying area, and public library.

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