Kajian literatur: manajemen gejala terhadap efek samping kemoterapi pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal=Literature review: symptom management to side effects of chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients

Hartanti, Lina and Pirena, Margareth and Dini, Sonia (2021) Kajian literatur: manajemen gejala terhadap efek samping kemoterapi pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal=Literature review: symptom management to side effects of chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Kanker merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia. Kanker gastrointestinal merupakan kanker yang sering terjadi pada laki-laki maupun perempuan yang meliputi kanker esophagus, gastroduodenal, pankreas, dan kolorektal. Kemoterapi bertujuan untuk menghambat atau membunuh semua sel kanker yang aktif membelah diri dan memiliki efek samping yang akan memengaruhi seluruh aspek kehidupan pasien (fisik, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual). Manajemen gejala terhadap efek samping kemoterapi pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal dapat mengurangi penderitaan pasien, meningkatkan motivasi pasien dalam menjalani pengobatan, serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan penelitian: Tujuan dari kajian literatur ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tipe manajemen gejala terhadap efek samping kemoterapi pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian literatur dengan pendekatan a simplified approach. Peneliti melakukan analisa data dengan menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal. Pencarian data dilakukan menggunakan dua database, yaitu EBSCO dan PubMed dengan penggunaan boolean operator “AND” dan “OR”. Hasil: Terdapat dua tipe manajemen gejala terhadap efek samping kemoterapi pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal, yaitu manajemen farmakologi dan non-farmakologi. Manajemen farmakologi yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan pemberian Vitamin E (E Vigel, Dena, Iran) dengan dosis 400 mg, pemberian terapi secara oral menggunakan cystine/theanine, terapi antiemetik dengan pemberian octreotide, dan terapi pengobatan kelelahan dengan mengkonsumsi kapsul minocycline. Sedangkan untuk manajemen non farmakologi yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan terapi musik, teknik progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), perawatan/terapi rongga mulut dengan TJ-14, oral cryotherapy, dan latihan olahraga interval./Background: Cancer is one of the biggest causes of death in the world. Gastrointestinal cancer is a cancer that often occurs in men and women which includes esophageal, gastroduodenal, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Chemotherapy aims to inhibit or kill all cancer cells that are actively dividing and have side effects that will affect all aspects of the patient's life (physical, psychological, social and spiritual). Symptom management to side effects of chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients can reduce patient suffering, increase patient motivation in undergoing treatment, and improve the patient's quality of life. Reseearch objectives: The purpose of this literature review is to determine the type description of symptom management to side effects of chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Research methods: This study uses a literature review with a simplified approach. The researchers analyzed data using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal. Data search was performed using two databases, such as EBSCO and PubMed using boolean operators "AND" and "OR". Results: There are two types of symptom management on chemotherapy side effects in gastrointestinal cancer patients, there are pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Pharmacological management that can be done is by giving Vitamin E (E Vigel, Dena, Iran) at a dose of 400 mg, giving oral therapy using cystine / theanine, antiemetic therapy by administering octreotide, and treating fatigue by consuming minocycline capsules. Meanwhile, non-pharmacological management that can be done is by using music therapy, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) technique, oral care/therapy with TJ-14, oral cryotherapy, and interval exercise.

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