Perlindungan hukum bagi pemberi pinjaman dalam peer to peer lending menurut ketentuan perundang-undangan di Indonesia

Sinaga, Albert Bahtiar (2021) Perlindungan hukum bagi pemberi pinjaman dalam peer to peer lending menurut ketentuan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pertumbuhan kegiatan peer to peer lending di Indonesia pada saat ini sangat pesat, dimana berdasarkan data statistik Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) per Juli 2020, akumulasi penyaluran pinjaman tahun 2020 (Januari hingga Juli) melalui Fintech mencapai sebesar Rp.35.000.000.000.000 (tiga puluh lima triliun) dengan pertumbuhan per tahun mencapai sebesar 135% (Juli, 2020, year-on-year). Hal ini menujukkan minat masyarakat untuk melakukan pinjaman melalui Fintech masih tumbuh meskipun ada pandemi (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, 2020). Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 Tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dibuat untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada pengguna industri keuangan dalam hal ini pengguna peer to peer lending baik penyelenggara, pemberi pinjaman ataupun penerima pinjaman. Untuk meninjau efektifitas pelaksanaan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) tersebut, diperlukan penelitian mengenai kedudukan penyelenggara, pemberi pinjaman, dan penerima pinjaman dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia serta khususnya perlindungan hukum bagi pemberi pinjaman yang menjadi pokok pembahasan dalam tesis Penulis. Dalam penelitian ini, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pendekatan perundang-undangan yang dilakukan dengan cara menelaah semua undang-undang, peraturan yang terkait dengan pelaksanaan penyelenggaran layanan peer to peer lending yang bertujuan untuk melihat konsistensi dan kesesuaian antara satu peraturan dengan peraturan lainnya yang saling bersangkutan. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 Tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi belum dapat sepenuhnya menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi pengguna peer to peer lending khususnya pemberi pinjaman karena tidak adanya pengaturan mengenai proses penyelesaian sengketa secara tegas dalam POJK Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 Tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi yang berdampak kepada ketidakpastian upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemberi pinjaman dikarenakan tidak ada petunjuk atau arahan secara tertulis dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) mengenai mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa apabila timbul sengketa antara para pihak. Kata kunci: peer-to-peer lending, OJK, pemberi pinjaman/Peer to peer lending activities in Indonesia is rapidly growing, it was stated on statistical data from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in July 2020, the accumulated loan distribution in 2020 (January to July) through Fintech reached Rp. 35,000,000,000,000,000 (thirty-five trillion) with annual growth of 135% (July, 2020, year-on-year). This shows that public interest in making loans through Fintech is still growing despite the pandemic (Financial Services Authority, 2020). Financial Services Authority (OJK) regulation Number 77/PJOK.01/2016 on Information Technology-Based Lending and Borrowing Services created to provide legal protection to users of the financial industry in this case peer to peer lending users are either providers, lenders, or loan recipients. In order to review the effectiveness of implementing Financial Services Authority (OJK) regulations, it requires a study about the position of the operator, lender, and recipient of the loan in the prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia and in particular the legal protection for lenders which is the subject of the Author's thesis. In this research, data collection is done by utilizing a statutory approach which is carried out by reviewing all laws, regulations about the implementation of peer-to-peer lending services aimed to review the consistency and compatibility between regulations to other related regulations. Through the result of this research, it can be concluded that Financial Services Authority (OJK) Number 77/POJK.01/2016 on Information Technology-Based Lending and Borrowing Services unable to fully guarantee legal protection for peer to peer lending users especially lender due to the absence of explicit arrangements regarding the dispute resolution process in POJK (Financial Services Authority Regulation) No 77/ POJK.01/2016 on Information Technology-Based Lending and Borrowing Services which has an impact on the uncertainty of efforts that can be made by the lender for there are no written guidance or instruction made by Financial Services Authority (OJK) regarding the dispute settlement mechanism if a dispute arises between the parties. Keywords: peer-to-peer lending, OJK, lender.

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