Analisis yuridis keabsahan jual beli tanah yang dilakukan di bawah tangan (studi kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Nomor 116/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Kpg)

Dopo, Guido (2021) Analisis yuridis keabsahan jual beli tanah yang dilakukan di bawah tangan (studi kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Nomor 116/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Kpg). Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Perjanjian banyak yang dibuat dalam bentuk tertulis dengan tujuan agar memudahkan pembuktian apabila dikemudian hari terdapat sengketa pada perjanjian tersebut. Perjanjian yang tertulis ini kemudian dibagi kedalam dua bentuk yakni, akta autentik dan akta di bawah tangan. Dalam praktek banyak ditemukan bahwa masyarakat melakukan perbuatan hukum berupa jual beli hak atas tanah yang hanya dibuktikan dengan selembar kwitansi saja atas transaksi jual beli hak atas tanah dari penjual kepada pembeli, tanpa adanya akta jual beli yang dibuat di hadapan PPAT. Penulisan Tesis ini berawal dari utang piutang antara Thomas Meo dengan Agus Setiadi (AS), karena Thomas Meo tidak mampu membayar utang yang harus dibayarkan kepada AS maka AS secara sepihak membuat Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli tanah untuk membeli tanah Thomas Meo dengan ganti rugi dan dipaksa untuk menandatangani perjanjian tersebut. Walau demikian majelis hakim menolak dengan alasan perkara ini tidak bertentangan dengan hukum atau undang- undang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, mengkaji putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kupang No.116/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Kpg dan dikaitkan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku untuk mendukung penelitian. Teknik Pengumpulan data mengunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), dan pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian mengemukakan bahwa jual beli yang dilakukan di bawah tangan memiliki kekuatan hukum yang sempurna seperti Akta Jual beli (AJB) apabila perjanjian tersebut diakui isinya oleh para pihak yang bersangkutan, pengakuan di dalam pengadilan menjadikan alat bukti petunjuk oleh hakim, walaupun di dalam pasal 1321 KUHPerdata menentukan bahwa kata sepakat tidak sah apabila diberikan karena kekhilafan atau diperoleh dengan paksaan atau penipuan. / Many agreements are made in written form with the aim of making it easier to prove if in the future there is a dispute in the agreement. This written agreement is then divided into two forms, namely, an authentic deed and a private deed. In practice, it is often found that people carry out legal actions in the form of buying and selling land rights which are only evidenced by a receipt for the sale and purchase of land rights from the seller to the buyer, without a sale and purchase deed made before the PPAT. The writing of this thesis started from a debt receivable between Thomas Meo and Agus Setiadi (USA), because Thomas Meo was unable to pay the debt that must be paid to the US, the US unilaterally made a binding sale and purchase agreement for land to buy Thomas Meo's land with compensation and was forced to sign the agreement. However, the panel of judges refused on the grounds that this case did not conflict with the law or legislation. This research uses normative juridical research, examines the decision of the Kupang District Court No.116/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Kpg and is associated with the applicable laws and regulations to support the research. The data collection technique uses a statutory approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that buying and selling carried out under the hands has perfect legal force such as a Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB) if the contents of the agreement are recognized by the parties concerned, the acknowledgment in court is evidence of guidance by the judge, although in Article 1321 The Civil Code determines that an agreement is invalid if it is given by mistake or obtained by coercion or fraud.

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