Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol buah cempedak (Arthocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.) dengan metode dpph = Antioxidant activity test of ethanol extract from the peel of cempedak fruit (artocarpus integer (thunb.) merr.) with DPPH method

Astiti, Putu Karang Clareza Lovena Tikatarna (2021) Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol buah cempedak (Arthocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.) dengan metode dpph = Antioxidant activity test of ethanol extract from the peel of cempedak fruit (artocarpus integer (thunb.) merr.) with DPPH method. Diploma thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Antioksidan sangat diperlukan dalam upaya pencegahan sterjadinya stress oksidatif, penyakit degeneratif seperti alzeimer, stroke, kanker, jantung koroner. Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang mampu melawan, mereduksi, atau menetralkan dari radikal bebas. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian senyawa antioksidan yang mampu melawan radikal bebas terdapat dalam tumbuhan cempedak (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah cempedak menggunakan metode DPPH menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Prosedur penelitian diawali dengan memisahkan bagian daging buah dengan kulit buah, kemudian ekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Selanjutnya ekstrak cair dikentalkan menggunakan gas nitrogen. Berdasarkan pengujian skrining fitokimia yang telah dilakukan dengan ekstrak etanol kulit buah cempedak, dapat diketahui bahwa ekstrak tersebut mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, kuinon, triterpenoid, dan fenol. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, pada larutan vitamin C sebagai pembanding didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 8,80376 ppm, 8,4431 ppm, dan 10,0685 ppm dimana nilai tersebut dapat dinyatakan sebagai antioksidan sangat kuat. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak etanol kulit buah cempedak didapatkan nilai IC50 sebesar 62,94 ppm, 65,755 ppm, dan 75,6414 ppm dimana nilai tersebut dapat dinyatakan sebagai antioksidan kuat. Sehingga didapatkan hasil perbandingan akhir nilai IC50 dari ekstrak sebesar 68,11 ± 6,67 dan pada pengujian vitamin C adalah sebesar 9,06 ± 0,83 sehingga dapat dilihat bahwa aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak adalah 7,5 kali lebih lemah dibandingkan dengan vitamin C./Antioxidants are indispensable in preventing the occurrence of oxidative stress, degenerative diseases such as alzheimer's, stroke, cancer, coronary heart disease. Antioxidants are compounds that are able to fight, reduce, or neutralize free radicals. Therefore antioxidant compounds that can be obtained naturally, one of which is cempedak plants (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.). This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of cempedak fruit peel using the DPPH method and tested using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. As a comparison, vitamin C is used as a natural antioxidant. Furthermore, the two test samples were read the absorbance value and calculated the IC50 value. The research procedure begins with separating the flesh from the fruit skin, then extraction by maceration using 96% ethanol as solvent. Furthermore, the liquid extract is thickened using nitrogen gas. Based on phytochemical screening tests that have been carried out with ethanol extract of cempedak fruit peel, it can be seen that the extract contains secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, triterpenoids, and phenols. In testing the antioxidant activity with the DPPH method, the vitamin C solution obtained IC50 values of 8.80376 ppm, 8.4431 ppm, and 10.0685 ppm where these values can be expressed as very strong antioxidants. Then testing the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of cempedak fruit peel obtained IC50 values of 62.94 ppm, 65.755 ppm, and 75.6414 ppm where these values can be expressed as strong antioxidants. The final result of the IC50 value of the extract is 68,11 ± 6,67 and vitamine C is 9,06 ± 0,83 so it can be seen that the antioxidant activity of the extract is 7,5 times weaker than vitamine C.

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