Analisis resistensi antibiotik dari Bacillus subtilis IFP1.1 dan Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N1 = Antibiotics resistance analysis of Bacillus subtilis IFP1.1 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N1.

Litanto, Vivian (2021) Analisis resistensi antibiotik dari Bacillus subtilis IFP1.1 dan Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N1 = Antibiotics resistance analysis of Bacillus subtilis IFP1.1 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N1. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Resistensi antibiotik telah menjadi ancaman bagi masyarakat global karena kemampuan bakteri patogen bertahan terhadap paparan antibiotik. Ancaman ini dapat muncul karena pengunaan dosis antibiotik yang tidak tepat pada makanan hewan dan disebarkan melalui pasokan makanan. Bakteri komensal yang ditemukan pada hewan ternak dapat berperan sebagai perantara penyebaran resistensi kepada manusia. Perlu diketahui bahwa Bacillus spp. dijual secara komersial sebagai suplemen probiotik bagi manusia dan hewan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fenotip dan genotip resistensi dari isolat Bacillus spp. Sehingga, dilakukan uji resistensi terhadap 23 jenis antibiotik melalui metode disc diffusion. Kedua strain resisten terhadap ampicillin, amoxicillin, methicillin, oxacillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, lincomycin dan rifampicin. Melalui analisis bioinformatika, ditemukan adanya gen yang memberikan sifat resistensi terhadap antibiotik tersebut. Pada isolat Bacillus subtilis IFP1.1 ditemukan ada gen resistensi terhadap chloramphenicol, yaitu catB3 dan tetracycline, yaitu tet(A). Pencarian BLAST terhadap sequence DNA kedua gen menunjukkan lokasi gen pada plasmid. Dengan demikian, dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk melakukan ekstraksi dan sequencing dari plasmid yang terdapat pada Bacillus subtilis IFP1.1. / Antibiotic resistance has become a threat to the global community due to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to withstand antibiotic exposure. The antibiotic resistance crisis arises mainly due to the inappropriate use of antibiotic doses in animal foods, which could spread through the food supply. Commensal bacteria found in farm animals can act as an intermediary to spread antibiotics resistance to humans. Bacillus spp. are used in commercial production as a probiotic supplement for humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to discover the phenotype and genotype resistance of Bacillus spp. isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility test for 23 antibiotics were determined for B. subtilis IFP1.1 and B. amyloliquefaciens N1 by disc diffusion method. Both strains exhibited resistance against ampicillin, amoxicillin, methicillin, oxacillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, lincomycin and rifampicin. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that several genes were responsible for the resistance properties towards these antibiotics. In B. subtilis IFP1.1 isolate, resistance genes to chloramphenicol, catB3, and tetracycline, tet(A) were found. BLAST search on DNA sequences of both genes indicated that their location were in the plasmid. In conclusion, we demonstrated antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of B. subtilis IFP1.1. and B amyloliquefaciens N1. Further research would be required to perform extraction and sequencing of this plasmid found in B. subtilis IFP1.1.

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