The U.S. foreign policy in combating islamic terrorism under Barack Obama's second term administration

Sanjaya, Stefani (2022) The U.S. foreign policy in combating islamic terrorism under Barack Obama's second term administration. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Terrorism has existed throughout human civilizations thus being utilized as a form of political violence to achieve political objective. This violent movement has prevailed for centuries as a resistance towards government to prevent political change or cause a political change. Derived from radical teachings of Islam, the Islamic Terrorism is driven to establish Global Caliphate or government that implements Islamic Law and fight the enemy of Islam. United States as a state that promotes democracy and liberal values has a clashing idea with these groups that strongly believe the idea of God’s Law, in contrast with democracy that constitute human-made laws. The philosophy of radical teachings drives them to fight for Jihad that caused violent movement against United States and other Western countries. The biggest terrorism attack occurred in September 11, 2001 where several terrorists hijacked four planes that crashed in World Trade Center buildings, Pentagon, and rural area in Pennsylvania. As the incumbent United States President, George Bush was very angry and devastated by the attack carried by the Islamic Terrorist group, Al-Qaeda. In response, he established tough and assertive approach in his foreign policy in countering terrorism. His tough foreign policy was shown in his decision to invade Afghanistan and Iraq to topple down the Taliban and Saddam Hussein’s regime. This research uses the theory of Constructivism to emphasize the social interactions in constitutive realm and the importance of agents and identity that shape people course of actions. Agents in constitutive realm are also influenced by social norms and values that they hold thus form their identity. This research also utilizes the qualitative research approach and explanatory research method to further elaborates Obama’s foreign policy in combating Islamic Terrorism. This research concludes that Obama’s foreign policy was softer and more diplomacy-focused compared with Pres. Bush. This research also found that Obama’s strategy in combating Islamic Terrorism was proven to be effective, proven by the ISIS defeat and the increase of Muslim-majority countries favorability towards Obama’s leadership / Terorisme sudah ada sepanjang peradaban manusia hingga sering digunakan sebagai wujud dari kekerasan politik untuk mencapai objektif politik. Gerakan kekerasan ini sudah tersebar selama berabad-abad sebagai perlawanan terhadap pemerintah untuk mencegah perubahan politik atau membuat perubahan politik. Berasal dari ajaran Islam radikal, Terorisme Islam didorong untuk mendirikan Khilafah Global atau pemerintahan yang menerapkan Hukum Islam dan memerangi musuh Islam. Amerika Serikat sebagai negara yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai demokrasi dan liberal memiliki pemikiran berbeda dengan kelompok yang sangat meyakini gagasan Hukum Tuhan, berbeda dengan demokrasi yang merupakan hukum buatan manusia. Filosofi radikal mendorong mereka untuk Jihad yang menyebabkan gerakan kekerasan terhadap Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara Barat lainnya. Serangan terorisme terbesar terjadi pada 11 September 2001 dimana beberapa teroris membajak empat pesawat yang menabrak gedung World Trade Center, Pentagon, dan daerah di Pennsylvania. Sebagai Presiden Amerika Serikat, George Bush sangat marah dengan serangan yang dilakukan oleh kelompok Teroris Islam, Al-Qaeda. Menanggapi hal itu, ia menetapkan pendekatan yang keras dan tegas di kebijakan luar negerinya dalam melawan terorisme. Kebijakan luar negerinya yang keras ditunjukkan dalam keputusannya untuk menyerang Afghanistan dan Irak untuk menggulingkan rezim Taliban dan Saddam Hussein. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Konstruktivisme untuk menekankan interaksi sosial dalam ranah konstitutif dan pentingnya agen dan identitas yang membentuk tindakan. Agen dalam ranah konstitutif juga dipengaruhi oleh norma dan nilai sosial yang mereka pegang sehingga membentuk identitas mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dan metode eksplanatori untuk mengelaborasi kebijakan luar negeri Obama dalam memerangi Terorisme Islam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan luar negeri Obama lebih lunak dan fokus diplomasi dibandingkan dengan Bush. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa strategi Obama dalam memerangi Terorisme Islam terbukti efektif, dibuktikan dengan kekalahan ISIS dan meningkatnya kesukaan negara-negara mayoritas Muslim terhadap kepemimpinan Obama.

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