Pengaruh Republik Rakyat Tiongkok Dalam Upaya Pembentukan “Angkatan Kelima” di Indonesia = The influence of people’s republic of china in the effort of establishing the "Fifth force” of the Indonesia Republic element of defense

Nugroho, Marfien Cindra (2022) Pengaruh Republik Rakyat Tiongkok Dalam Upaya Pembentukan “Angkatan Kelima” di Indonesia = The influence of people’s republic of china in the effort of establishing the "Fifth force” of the Indonesia Republic element of defense. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pada masa Perang Dingin, Republik Indonesia terlibat dalam pertarungan ideologi antara paham Liberalisme dan paham Komunisme. Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) merupakan sebuah partai berideologi Komunisme, dan dipimpin oleh seorang tokoh yang bernama D. N. Aidit. Masa Demokrasi Terpimpin juga dipenuhi dengan beberapa konflik peperangan, sehingga mendorong PKI untuk menggagas unsur pertahanan bagi para buruh dan tani. Unsur pertahanan itu dinamakan “Angkatan Kelima”, dan dilihat sebagai elemen kebangkitan kekuatan PKI. Angkatan Kelima juga dipengaruhi oleh Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, yang kala itu membantu Republik Indonesia dengan memenuhi kebutuhan persenjataan. Perdana Menteri Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, Zhou Enlai, menjanjikan 100.000 pucuk senjata “Chung” untuk mendukung pembentukan unsur pertahanan ini. Akan tetapi, peristiwa Gerakan 30 September yang mengakibatkan gugurnya 6 perwira tinggi dan 1 perwira Angkatan Darat, membuat tergusurnya PKI dari ranah perpolitikan di Republik Indonesia. Atas peristiwa tersebut, konsep pertahanan “Angkatan Kelima” dibatalkan seiring dengan dibubarkannya PKI pada tahun 1966.// During the Cold War period, the Republic of Indonesia was involved in ideological rivalries between Liberalism and Communism. Indonesian Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) is a Communist political party, and was led by a figure named D.N. Aidit. The Guided Democracy period was filled by numerous conflicts, and therefore drove PKI to initiate an element of defense for the labor and peasants. The element of defense was called the "Fifth Force", and was perceived as a power for the PKI revolt. Furthermore, the "Fifth Force" was also affected by the People’s Republic of China, which at that moment aided the Republic of Indonesia to fulfill the weaponry necessity. Chinese Prime Minister, Zhou Enlai promised 100.000 of “Chung” weapons to support the establishment of this element of defense. However, the September 30 Movement which killed 6 high-ranking officers and 1 officer of the Indonesian Army, inflicted PKI deterioration from Indonesian politics. As a result of the tragedy, the element of defense of the "Fifth Force" concept was aborted along with the PKI dissolution in 1966.

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