Kedudukan hukum nasabah pemegang safe deposit box bank dalam perjanjian eksonerasi

Anggara, Marcell (2021) Kedudukan hukum nasabah pemegang safe deposit box bank dalam perjanjian eksonerasi. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Berdasarkan dengan perkembangan zaman, dunia perbankan memiliki inovasi-inovasi lain selain menabung uang di Bank. Salah satu perkembangan zaman yang dimiliki oleh Bank ialah penyewaan safe deposit box. Merujuk Pasal 6 huruf i Undang-Undang No. 10 Tahun 1998 atas perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1992 Tentang Perbankan, disebutkan bahwa bank menyediakan tempat untuk menyimpan barang dan surat berharga, dan bank dapat melakukan kegiatan penitipan untuk kepentingan pihak lain berdasarkan suatu kontrak. Kontrak ini dapat diartikean dengan perjanjian sewa-menyewa safe deposit box yang sudah memuat Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Dalam Perjanjian safe deposit box ditemukan perjanjian baku yang berisikan bank tidak dapat bertanggung jawab terhadap barang ataupun dokumen yang disimpan dalam safe deposit box jika terjadi kehilangan, musnah, susut, keaslian, berubah wujud atau kualitas dari barang-barang yang disimpan. Selanjutnya akibat dari perjanjian baku tersebut maka banyak nasabah yang merasa dirugikan atas perjanjian baku tersebut. Dengan diketahuinya perjanjian baku yang berisikan pengalihan tanggung jawab, maka secara tidak langsung bank telah melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum dengan memasukan klausula eksonerasi di dalam perjanjian baku tersebut. Klausula eksonerasi yang ada dalam perjanjian sewa-menyewa safe deposit box, tentu telah melanggar Pasal 18 Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan keadilan korektif (Corrective Justice) dan Teori Perlindungan konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan sumber hukum primer dan sekunder. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan Bank BTN Cabang Bali dan Bank X Cabang Kebun Jeruk belum melindungi nasabahnya karena ada klausula eksonerasi didalam perjanjian baku tersebut dan melanggar ketentuan Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Namun di Indonesia masih belum ada aturan khusus yang mengatur tentang perjanjian safe deposit box bank akibat perjanjian eksonerasi secara menyeluruh agar dapat melindungi nasabanya. / Based on the times, the banking world has other innovations besides saving money in the bank. One of the developments of the times owned by the Bank is the rental of safe deposit box. Referring to Article 6 letter (i) of Law Number. 10 of 1998 on amendments to Law Number. 7 of 1992 concerning Banking, it is stated that banks provide a place to store goods and securities, and banks can carry out safekeeping activities for the benefit of other parties based on a contract. The contract can be interpreted as a safe deposit box rental agreement which already contains Article 1320 of the Civil Code. In the safe deposit box agreement, there is a standard agreement which states that the bank cannot be responsible for the goods or documents stored in the safe deposit box in the event of loss, destruction, shrinkage, authenticity, change in form or quality of the goods stored. Furthermore, as a result of the standard agreement, many customers feel aggrieved by the standard agreement. By knowing the standard agreement containing the transfer of responsibility, the bank indirectly has committed an unlawful act by including an exoneration clause in the standard agreement. The exoneration clause in the safe deposit box rental agreement, of course, has violated Article 18 of Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The analysis is carried out using corrective justice and consumer protection theory. This study uses a normative juridical method using primary and secondary legal sources. Furthermore, from the results of this study it was found that Bank BTN Balikpapan Branch and Bank X Kebun Jeruk Branch had not protected their customers because there was an exoneration clause in the standard agreement and violated the provisions of Law Number. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. However, in Indonesia, there are still no specific rules governing bank safe deposit box agreements as a result of a comprehensive exoneration agreement in order to protect bank customers.

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