Kontestasi negara besar dalam konflik internal : studi kasus intervensi Amerika Serikat dan Rusia dalam perang Suriah = The Contest of Great Countries in Internal Conflict: A Case Study of the United States and Russia's Intervention in the Syria War

Jeconiah, Manoppo Benedict Ariel Jeconiah (2022) Kontestasi negara besar dalam konflik internal : studi kasus intervensi Amerika Serikat dan Rusia dalam perang Suriah = The Contest of Great Countries in Internal Conflict: A Case Study of the United States and Russia's Intervention in the Syria War. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Perang Suriah dimulai pada tahun 2011 ketika adanya konflik antara pemerintah resmi Bashar al-Assad dan warga sipil. Perang ini bermula dari peristiwa kebangkitan negara-negara Arab yang merupakan bentuk protes terhadap rezim di negeri nya. Peristiwa ini dikenal dengan peristiwa Arab Spring. Suriah pun menjadi salah satu negara yang terdampak peristiwa ini. Melihat hal ini, Bashar al-Assad melakukan tindakan represif dengan tujuan untuk mempertahankan rezim nya. Namun, tindakan represif ini membuat keadaan semakin memburuk karena kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh tentara pemerintahan Bashar al-Assad terhadap para pendemo. Keadaan ini juga semakin diperparah karena adanya intervensi Amerika Serikat yang turut serta memberikan dukungan terhadap kelompok oposisi. Hal ini membuat Rusia juga turut membantu Bashar al-Assad sebagai salah satu terkuat nya di Timur Tengah. Adanya intervensi negara besar ini mengubah perang saudara ini berkembang menjadi perang proksi. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan teori neo-realisme dan menggunakan konsep balance of power, intervensi, dan kontestasi sebagai acuan penulisan skripsi ini. Penulis juga menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk memaparkan kepentingan Amerika Serikat dan Rusia dalam perang Suriah. Adapun data penelitian diperoleh dari data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan dan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif. Penulis disini ingin melihat lebih dalam kepentingan Amerika Serikat dan Rusia dalam perang Suriah pada tahun 2011-2020. Disini juga penulis memaparkan bentuk kontestasi Amerika Serikat dalam perang Suriah dan dampak pengaruh kehadiran dua negara besar ini dalam wilayah Suriah. / / The Syrian war began in 2011 when there was a conflict between the official government of Bashar al-Assad and civilians. This war began with the revival of Arab countries which was a form of protest against the regime in their country. This event is known as the Arab Spring. Syria is also one of the countries affected by this incident. Seeing this, Bashar al-Assad took repressive actions with the aim of defending his regime. However, this repressive measure made things worse because of the violence carried out by the Bashar al-Assad government army against the protesters. This situation was also exacerbated by the intervention of the United States, which participated in providing support for opposition groups. This makes Russia also help Bashar al-Assad as one of the strongest in the Middle East. The intervention of this major state turned this civil war into a proxy war. This research uses neo-realism theory and uses the concept of balance of power, intervention, and contestation as a reference for writing this thesis. The author also uses qualitative methods to describe the interests of the United States and Russia in the Syrian war. The research data was obtained from secondary data through literature study and the analytical technique used was descriptive analysis technique. The author here wants to take a deeper look at the interests of the United States and Russia in the Syrian war in 2011-2020. Here the author also describes the form of the United States' contestation in the Syrian war and the impact of the presence of these two major countries in Syria.

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