The Contributions of UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme “Accelerating Change” in Eradicating Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): A Comparative Study Between Egypt and Burkina Faso (2008-2020) = Kontribusi UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme “Accelerating Change” dalam Pemberantasan Sunat Perempuan (FGM/C): Studi Perbandingan Antara Mesir dan Burkina Faso (2008-2020)

Inca, Vina Sheilla (2022) The Contributions of UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme “Accelerating Change” in Eradicating Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): A Comparative Study Between Egypt and Burkina Faso (2008-2020) = Kontribusi UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme “Accelerating Change” dalam Pemberantasan Sunat Perempuan (FGM/C): Studi Perbandingan Antara Mesir dan Burkina Faso (2008-2020). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is the term used to refer to the courses of procedures involving the partial or complete removal of the female genitalia, for non-medical purposes. The practice of FGM/C is deeply entrenched in cultural norms and religious beliefs. Despite being universally recognized as a violation of human rights, the harmful practice is still prevalent, particularly in countries throughout Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. In efforts to hasten the abandonment of the practice, UNFPA and UNICEF established a Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: “Accelerating Change” in 2008. The Joint Programme now concentrates its efforts on 17 countries, including Egypt and Burkina Faso. This thesis aims to describe and compare the contributions of the UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme in eradicating FGM/C practices in Egypt and Burkina Faso. The theory used in this research is Neoliberal Institutionalism and supported by International Organizations and Human Rights as the conceptual framework. Furthermore, this study employs a qualitative research approach with a descriptive-comparative research method. This thesis concludes that the Joint Programme has greatly contributed to the abandonment of FGM/C in Egypt and Burkina Faso. It provides support for the Egyptian and Burkinabè governments in enforcing and strengthening their legal frameworks on FGM/C. Throughout all three phases, the Joint Programme highlights the significance of community education and awareness-raising in both countries. However, the Joint Programme also tailors its process and implementation to the unique challenges and opportunities of each country. In Egypt, the Joint Programme emphasizes youth participation and empowerment, as well as eradicating medicalization of FGM/C. Meanwhile, in Burkina Faso, the Joint Programme concentrates on supporting the enforcement of the country’s anti-FGM/C legislations through initiatives such as mobile hearings and education sessions. / Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) atau sunat perempuan adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk merujuk pada rangkaian prosedur yang melibatkan pengangkatan sebagian atau seluruh alat kelamin wanita untuk tujuan non-medis. Praktik FGM/C sangat mengakar pada norma budaya dan keyakinan agama. Meskipun FGM/C diakui secara universal sebagai pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, praktik berbahaya ini masih sangat lazim dilakukan, terutama di negara-negara di Afrika, Timur Tengah, dan Asia. Dalam upaya untuk mempercepat diberantasnya praktik tersebut, UNFPA dan UNICEF membentuk Joint Programme untuk FGM/C: “Accelerating Change” pada tahun 2008. Joint Programme saat ini memusatkan upayanya pada 17 negara, termasuk Mesir dan Burkina Faso. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan membandingkan kontribusi Joint Programme UNFPA-UNICEF dalam memberantas praktik FGM/C di Mesir dan Burkina Faso. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Neoliberal Institutional, didukung oleh Organisasi Internasional dan Hak Asasi Manusia sebagai kerangka konseptual. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif-komparatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Joint Programme telah memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap diberantasnya FGM/C di Mesir dan Burkina Faso. Joint Programme memberikan dukungan bagi pemerintah Mesir dan Burkina Faso dalam menegakkan dan memperkuat kerangka hukum mereka terkait FGM/C. Joint Programme juga berfokus pada pentingnya pendidikan masyarakat dan peningkatan kesadaran di kedua negara tersebut. Namun, Joint Programme juga menyesuaikan proses dan implementasinya dengan tantangan dan peluang unik masing-masing negara. Di Mesir, Joint Programme menekankan partisipasi dan pemberdayaan generasi muda, serta pemberantasan medikalisasi FGM/C. Sementara itu, di Burkina Faso, Joint Programme berkonsentrasi untuk mendukung penegakan undang-undang terkait FGM/C melalui inisiatif seperti pengadilan keliling dan sesi pendidikan.

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