Jaminan kepastian hukum atas keamanan penyimpanan data KTP elektronik pada cloud storage dan ancaman penyalahgunaannya dalam konstelasi pemilu di Indonesia = Ensuring legal certainty on the security of electronic KTP data in cloud storage and the threat of abuse in the constellation of Indonesians elections

Tangkilisan, Wimpie (2021) Jaminan kepastian hukum atas keamanan penyimpanan data KTP elektronik pada cloud storage dan ancaman penyalahgunaannya dalam konstelasi pemilu di Indonesia = Ensuring legal certainty on the security of electronic KTP data in cloud storage and the threat of abuse in the constellation of Indonesians elections. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik (KTP-el) merupakan hasil terapan implementasi e- government dalam pelayanan publik yang menggunakan teknologi dan mengembangkan database kependudukan secara nasional untuk memberikan identitas kepada masyarakat dengan menggunakan sistem biometric. Pelaksanaan program KTP-el adalah terobosan baru dalam bidang kependudukan di Indonesia. Konsep KTP-el adalah pembuatan KTP (Kartu Tanda Penduduk) berbasis NIK (Nomor Induk Kependudukan) yang berlaku secara nasional sebagai SIN (Single Identity Number) dengan mengunakan teknologi komputer dan basis data yang integratif. Tujuan yang dilaksanakannya KTP-el adalah untuk menjamin kepastian hukum, tidak adanya penggandaan, mencegah pemalsuan, keamanan data serta efisiensi proses kependudukan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian Normatif Juridis, dengan menggunakan Data Sekunder dan diperkuat dengan Data Primer, berupa Interview dengan Teknik Non Random Probability Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa pengaturan tetang penyimpanan dan pengelolaan data penduduk dalam KTP-el termuat didalam Pasal 1 Angka 1 UU No. 24 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Atas UU No. 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan yang menyebutkan bahwa administrasi kependudukan adalah rangkaian kegiatan penataan dan penertiban dokumen dan data kependudukan melalui pendaftaran penduduk, pencatatan sipil, pengelolaan informasi administrasi kependudukan serta pendayagunaan hasilnya untuk pelayanan umum dan pembangunan sektor lain. Sedangkan pengertian Data Penduduk adalah keterangan tentang cacat fisik dan/atau mental; sidik jari; iris mata; tanda tangan; dan elemen data lainnya yang merupakan aib seseorang. Menambahkan pengertian menurut undang-undang sebelumnya, yaitu nomor Kartu Keluarga (KK); Nomor Induk Kependudukan (NIK); tanggal/bulan/tahun lahir; keterangan tentang kecacatan fisik dan/atau mental; NIK ibu kandung; NIK ayah; dan beberapa isi catatan peristiwa penting. Kewenangan untuk mendata, menyimpan, mengelola dan hak akses ada pada Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Kementrian Dalam Negeri, dan sampai saat ini disimpan dalam Internal Storage. Sementara teknologi terbaru telah banyak meninggalkan penggunaan Internal Storage yang tingkat keamanannya rendah dan beralih menggunakan Cloud Storage yang memiliki tingkat keamanan tinggi serta tidak mudah diretas. Negara wajib memberikan perlindungan terhadap keamanan data Kependudukan sebab seringkali terjadi banyak pencurian oleh pihak tertentu. Dalam konteks Konstelasi Pemilu di Indonesia, terjadi banyak kasus penyalahgunaan, seperti pemalsuan, penggandaan dan pengcloningan data penduduk pada KTP-el yang ditujukan untuk perolahan suara salah satu kandidat. Menurut Pasal 260 ayat (3) UU No. 7 Tahun 2017, penyalahgunaan ini tidak termasuk tindak pidana, sehingga menciderai Pasal 22E dan Pasal 28D UUD NRI dan prinsip Negara Hukum yang Demokratis. / The Electronic Identity Card (KTP-el) is the result of the implementation of e-government in public services with the use of technology, and of the building of a national population database to provide identification services to the public using the biometric system. The implementation of the KTP-el program is a major breakthrough in the field of demography in Indonesia. The KTP-el concept involves the creation of KTP (Identity Card) based on NIK (Identity Number), which applies nationally as SIN (Single Identity Number) using integrated computer technology and a database. The purpose of implementing the KTP-el program is to ensure legal certainty, avoid duplication, prevent falsification and ensure data security and efficiency of the demographic data management process. In this study, the Normative Legal Research method was used, which entailed the collection of secondary data reinforced by primary data in the form of interviews. The Non-random Probability Sampling Technique was used in selecting interviewees. The results showed that the regulations regarding the storage and management of population data in KTP-el are provided in Article 1 Number 1 of Law no. 24 of 2013 concerning Amendments to Law No. 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration. That article defines population administration as a series of activities to organize and control population documents and data through population registration, civil registration, management of population administration information and utilization of the results for public service and development of other sectors. In this regard, Population Data is understood as including descriptions of physical and/or mental disabilities; fingerprints; the iris; the signature; and other data elements that constitute a person's individuality. Also included in that meaning, according to the previously mentioned law, are the Family Card number (KK); the Identity Number (NIK); date, month and year of birth; information about physical and/or mental disabilities; biological mother's NIK; father's NIK; and notations on important life events. The Directorate General of Population and Civil Registry of the Ministry of Home Affairs holds the authority to record, store, manage and to have access rights to such data. Until today such data are kept in Internal Storage. Meanwhile, the latest technology has abandoned the use of Internal Storage, which has a low level of security, and has switched to using Cloud Storage which has a high level of security and is not easily hacked. The state is obliged to provide protection for population data and ensure their security because lawless elements often try to steal them. In the context of the Election Constellation in Indonesia, there have been many cases of abuse, such as falsification, duplication and cloning of population data on KTP-els aimed at altering the vote count in favor of certain candidates. According to Article 260, paragraph (3), Law no. 7 of 2017, such abuses do not constitute a criminal offense, thereby contravening Article 22E and Article 28D of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the principles of a democratic rule of law.

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