Upaya Indonesia dalam memerangi isu illegal fishing di wilayah perairan Indonesia (2014-2019) = Indonesia’s Effort in Combating Illegal Fishing within Indonesia’s Waters (2014-2019)

Edwima, Allifya Nadya (2022) Upaya Indonesia dalam memerangi isu illegal fishing di wilayah perairan Indonesia (2014-2019) = Indonesia’s Effort in Combating Illegal Fishing within Indonesia’s Waters (2014-2019). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara maritim terbesar di dunia dengan potensi sumber daya lautnya, terutama industri perikanan sebagai pendongkrak utama ekonomi nasional. Dengan potensi tersebut, Indonesia harus menghadapi senjumlah ancaman yang mengganggu keamanan maritim Indonesia, salah satunya yaitu isu illegal fishing. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia berupaya untuk mengatasi illegal fishing melalui berbagai metode penanganan dan penyelesaian, baik di level domestik maupun internasional, demi menjaga keamanan laut dan perikanan yang berkelanjutan di wilayah perairannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui strategi mana yang paling dominan dalam mengurangi illegal fishing yang terjadi di wilayah perairan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik studi kepustakaan dan penelurusan daring. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan adalah neoliberalisme, kejahatan transnasional, kerja sama regional, kerja sama bilateral, kebijakan unilateral, dan diplomasi maritim. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penekanan pada kebijakan unilateral yang ketat, Indonesia dapat menekan isu illegal fishing di wilayah perairan Indonesia secara signifikan. Namun, upaya secara sepihak saja tidak cukup, kerja sama secara bilateral, regional, dan internasional tetap dibutuhkan mengingat kompleksitas isu illegal fishing yang berkaitan dengan kejahatan transnasional. Penelitian ini mempertanyakan perlukah penafsiran kembali prinsip ASEAN Way, yaitu non-inteferensi, dalam mengatasi isu illegal fishing dan keamanan non-tradisional. Strategi bilateral dalam memerangi illegal fishing digunakan Indonesia untuk melengkapi keterbatasan kebijakan unilateral yang berpotensi memicu konflik dengan negara-negara ASEAN, serta negara lain seperti China. / Indonesia is the world's largest maritime country with its marine resources potential, especially the fishing industry as the main leverage for the national economy. With this potential, Indonesia must face a threat that interferes with Indonesia's maritime security, one of which is the illegal fishing issue. Therefore, Indonesia seeks to address illegal fishing through various handling and settlement methods, both domestic and international levels in order to maintain sustainable marine and fisheries safety within Indonesia’s waters. The purpose of this study is to find out which strategy is the most dominant in reducing illegal fishing that occurs in Indonesian waters. This study uses descriptive research methods with the study technique of the library. The theories and concepts used are neoliberalism, transnational crime, regional cooperation, bilateral cooperation, unilateral policy, and maritime diplomacy. This study concludes that the emphasis on a strict unilateral policy, Indonesia could significantly suppress the issue of illegal fishing in the nations water region. However, unilateral efforts alone are insufficient, bilateral, regional and international cooperation remains needed in light of the complexity of illegal fishing issues related to transnational crime. This study questioned the need for a reinterpretation of the ASEAN Way principle, i.e., non-interference, in addressing illegal fishing and non-traditional security issues. The bilateral strategy in tackling illegal fishing is used by Indonesia to supplement the limitations of unilateral policies that could potentially trigger conflicts with ASEAN countries, as well as other countries such as China.

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