Eksistensi perseroda sebagai badan usaha milik daerah yang berorientasi profit

Suratminingsih, Endang (2021) Eksistensi perseroda sebagai badan usaha milik daerah yang berorientasi profit. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

BUMD merupakan badan usaha yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah daerah sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan asli daerah, terutama untuk memberikan manfaat bagi perekonomian daerah berdasarkan Tata Kelola Perusahaan Yang Baik (Good Corporate Governance). Selain mencari keuntungan, Perusahaan Daerah juga menjalankan fungsi sosial terhadap penduduk daerahnya. Sebelum era otonomi daerah, perusahaan daerah diatur dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1962 tentang Perusahaan Daerah. Namun demikian, kinerja perusahaan daerah dianggap masih belum seperti yang diharapkan. Disamping terlalu birokratis, inefisien, dan kurang memiliki orientasi pasar, perusahaan daerah juga tidak memiliki reputasi yang baik, kurang profesional dan masih banyak intervensi Pemerintah Daerah. Menyikapi hal itu, pemerintah bersama DPR mengganti Undang-Undang tentang Perusahaan Daerah dengan Undang-Undang Pemerintah Daerah dan Peraturan Pemerintah tentang BUMD. Kedua regulasi tersebut disusun untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan daerah, sekaligus untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum terkait pengaturan mengenai BUMD. Dalam praktiknya, tujuan pembentukan BUMD tersebut belum dapat tercapai karena BUMD dituntut untuk memiliki fungsi sosial pada masyarakat, sehingga menjadi tidak fokus terhadap misi utamanya. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan konseptual, disertasi ini mengkaji secara komprehensif pengaturan perusahaan daerah, implementasi pengaturan Perseroda, dan menawarkan konsep ideal pengaturan BUMD di Indonesia. Adapun teori hukum yang digunakan adalah Teori Tiga Nilai Dasar Hukum (Gustav Radbruch) dan Teori Badan Hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ternyata diberlakukannya UU tentang Pemerintah Daerah telah mengakibatkan terjadinya disharmoni dalam pengelolaan BUMD. Pengaturan BUMD yang tersebar di beberapa peraturan sektoral juga menimbulkan disharmoni di tingkat implementasi dan bahkan saling tumpang tindih. Lahirnya Peraturan Pemerintah tentang BUMD terbukti belum mampu menjawab persoalan pengelolaan BUMD. Oleh karena itu disarankan agar DPR dan Pemerintah segera menata dan menyelaraskan pengaturan mengenai pengelolaan BUMD untuk dapat mewujudkan tata kelola dan kinerja BUMD yang baik, terutama untuk mendukung kekuatan perekonomian daerah. / BUMD is a business entity owned by local governments as a source of local revenue, especially to provide benefits to the regional economy based on Good Corporate Governance. In addition to seeking profit, regional companies also carry out social functions for the residents of their regions. Prior to the era of regional autonomy, regional companies were regulated by Law Number 5 of 1962 concerning Regional Companies. However, the performance of regional companies is considered not to meet expectations. Besides being too bureaucratic, inefficient, and lacking in market orientation, local companies also don't have a good reputation, lack professionalism and there are still many local government interventions. In response to this, the government together with the DPR have replaced the Law on Regional Enterprises with the Regional Government Law and Government Regulation on BUMD. The two regulations were drafted to improve the performance of regional companies, as well as to fill the legal vacuum related to regulations regarding BUMD. In practice, the goal of establishing BUMD has not been achieved because BUMD is required to have a social function in the community, so that it does not focus on its main mission. By using a normative juridical research method and a statutory approach, a case approach and a conceptual approach, this dissertation comprehensively examines the regulation of regional companies, the implementation of regional company regulations, and offers the ideal concept of regulating BUMD in Indonesia. The legal theory used is the Theory of Three Basic Legal Values(Gustav Radbruch) and Theory of Legal Entities. The results of the study indicate that the enactment of the Law on Regional Government has resulted in disharmony in the management of BUMD. The regulation of BUMD spread across several sectoral regulations also creates disharmony at the implementation level and even overlaps. The issuance of a Government Regulation on BUMD has proven to be unable to answer the problem of managing BUMD. Therefore, it is recommended that the DPR and the Government immediately organize and harmonize regulations regarding the management of BUMDs in order to realize good BUMD governance and performance, especially to support the strength of the regional economy.

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