Analisis instrumen insolvensi dalam hukum kepailitan di Indonesia (studi kasus putusan 208/Pdt.Sus-Pkpu/2019/PN. Niaga.Jkt.Pst)

Samosir, Jessica Vania Theresa (2021) Analisis instrumen insolvensi dalam hukum kepailitan di Indonesia (studi kasus putusan 208/Pdt.Sus-Pkpu/2019/PN. Niaga.Jkt.Pst). Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan - Jakarta.

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Abstract

The problems studied in this thesis regarding the regulation of the terms and conditions of a Debtor stated in a state of Insolvency and legal protection against a Debtor in the event of an Insolvency situation based on the case study of Decision Number 208/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2019/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst . The research method used is a normative juridical research using a law approach, a conceptual approach and a case approach, besides that it is studied by examining the laws and regulations related to the material being studied. The definition of debt and receivables is the same as a loan agreement, has been regulated and determined in the Thirteenth Chapter of the Third Book of the Civil Code, in Article 1754 of the Civil Code which clearly states that, a loan agreement is an agreement in which one party gives to the other a certain amount goods that are exhausted due to use, on the condition that the latter party will return the same amount of the same kind and condition. To overcome the problem of funding the business world, civil law recognizes the existence of a debt settlement institution through bankruptcy and postponement of debt repayment obligations. Bankruptcy is a process in which a debtor who has financial difficulties to pay his debts is declared bankrupt by the court, in this case the Commercial Court, because the debtor is unable to pay his debts. Debtor's assets can be distributed to creditors in accordance with Government Regulations. In the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU the requirements for debtors to be declared in a state of insolvency are not clearly regulated, which results in that the purpose of the Bankruptcy Law and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations is made only to protect the interests of creditors, because the insolvency test is not implemented which can result in more and more companies in Indonesia, which is legally bankrupt. In fact, in the current economic conditions, if the insolvency requirements are applied, it will be difficult to make debtors in Indonesia declared bankrupt (bankrupt). The basis for acceptance or rejection of a bankruptcy application must be based on the conditions contained in Article 2 of the Bankruptcy Law, namely having 2 (two) or more creditors, the existence of debts that are due and can be collected. Until now, in Indonesia, there is no known “insolvency test” to measure the solvency of the debtor before submitting an application for bankruptcy. cash flow test and balance sheet insolvency test are the best methods that need to be applied in Indonesia. / Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam tesis ini mengenai pengaturan syarat dan ketentuan suatu Debitor dinyatakan dalam keadaan Insolvensi dan perlindungan hukum terhadap suatu Debitor dalam hal terjadi keadaan Insolvensi berdasarkan studi kasus Putusan Nomor 208/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2019/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normative dengan menggunakan pendekatan Undang-Undang, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus, selain itu dikaji dengan meniliti Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang berkaitan dengan materi yang dikaji. Pengertian utang piutang sama dengan perjanjian pinjam meminjam, telah diatur dan ditentukan dalam Bab Ketiga Belas Buku Ketiga KUHPerdata, dalam Pasal 1754 KUHPerdata yang secara jelas menyebutkan bahwa, Perjanjian pinjam-meminjam adalah perjanjian dengan mana pihak yang satu memberikan kepada pihak yang lain suatu jumlah tertentu barang-barang yang menghabis karena pemakaian, dengan syarat bahwa pihak yang belakangan ini akan mengembalikan sejumlah yang sama dari macam dan keadaan yang sama pula. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan pendanaan dunia usaha, dalam hukum keperdataan dikenal adanya lembaga penyelesaian utang melalui kepailitan dan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang. Kepailitan merupakan suatu proses di mana seorang debitor yang mempunyai kesulitan keuangan untuk membayar utangnya dinyatakan pailit oleh pengadilan, dalam hal ini Pengadilan Niaga, dikarenakan debitor tersebut tidak dapat membayar utangnya. Harta debitor dapat dibagikan kepada para kreditor sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah. Dalam UU Kepailitan dan PKPU syarat Debitor untuk dinyatakan dalam keadaan insolvensi tidak diatur dengan jelas, yang mengakibatkan bahwa tujuan Undang - Undang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang dibuat hanyalah untuk melindungi kepentingan Kreditor, karena tidak diterapkannya insolvensi test yang dapat mengakibatkan semakin banyak dan mudahnya perusahaan di Indonesia yang bangkrut secara hukum. Padahal dalam kondisi ekonomi saat ini, bila persyaratan insolvensi diterapkan maka akan sulit membuat debitor di Indonesia dinyatakan pailit (bangkrut). Dasar diterima atau ditolaknya permohonan pailit harus didasarkan pada syarat-syarat yang terdapat dalam Pasal 2 Undang – Undang Kepailitan yaitu memiliki 2 (dua) Kreditor atau lebih, adanya utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih. Sampai saat ini di Indonesia tidak dikenal adanya “insolvensi test” untuk mengukur solvabilitas Debitor terlebih dahulu sebelum diajukan permohonan pailit. cash flow test dan balance sheet insolvency test adalah metode terbaik yang perlu diterapkan di Indonesia.

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