Perspektif hukum kedudukan anak perempuan sebagai ahli waris dalam hukum waris adat Batak (studi Kasus putusan nomor 151/Pdt.G/2020/Pn.Jkt.Pst.)

Tampubolon, Raonensen (2021) Perspektif hukum kedudukan anak perempuan sebagai ahli waris dalam hukum waris adat Batak (studi Kasus putusan nomor 151/Pdt.G/2020/Pn.Jkt.Pst.). Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Unifikasi Hukum Waris belum tercapai bahkan setelah 76 tahun Proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia. Regulasi-regulasi kolonial seperti Penggolongan Hukum dan Penggolongan Penduduk, hingga saat ini masih “mewarnai” berbagai Lapangan Hukum Indonesia, khususnya dalam Sistem Hukum Waris Nasional. Dalam kurun waktu kekuasaan kolonial, Pasal 131 dan 163 Indische Staatregeling (IS) sebagai suatu produk politik Hukum zaman kolonial Belanda masih merupakan pegangan bagi praktisi hukum di Indonesia dalam menentukan hukum waris apa yang akan diterapkan dalam suatu sengketa waris di Indonesia. Hukum Waris Adat, Hukum Waris Islam maupun Hukum Waris Barat, merupakan pilihan hukum positif yang akan ditetapkan atau ditegakkan (enforcement) oleh Pengadilan bagi tiap-tiap sengketa waris yang timbul di masyarakat. Pengelompokan dan penggolongan penduduk ini masih dipertahankan bukan dengan maksud untuk memecah belah suatu penduduk, akan tetapi karena alasan sosiologis dan kultural yang timbul dari keyakinan masing-masing masyarakat di tiap daerah. Pasal 28 I ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menyebutkan bahwa Identitas budaya dan hak masyarakat tradisional dihormati selaras dengan perkembangan zaman dan peradaban, regulasi ini merupakan suatu pengakuan negara terhadap keberadaan suatu masyarakat adat (berikut hak-hak dan kepentingannya), sepanjang eksistensi tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan kepentingan negara (kepentingan nasional), ataupun jika ada aturan hukum adat yang bertentangan dengan aturan hukum positif negara dalam perundang-undangan, maka keberadaan masyarakat adat beserta kepentingan-kepentingan dan hak-hak tradisionalnya yang diatur dalam hukum adat tersebut bisa diabaikan. Pun konsepsi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan seperti prinsip kesetaraan gender, seiring perkembangan zaman dan trend globalisasi telah diserap dan dijadikan dasar oleh Hakim saat mengadili suatu sengketa waris berdasarkan Hukum Waris Adat Batak. Kini hak mewaris bagi anak Perempuan dimungkinkan dalam masyarakat suku batak yang Patrilinealis, dengan catatan Pewaris/orang tua telah lama merantau/meninggalkan daerah asal. Tesis ini umumnya membahas tentang kedudukan anak perempuan sebagai ahli waris dalam hukum waris adat masyarakat Batak berdasarkan Studi pada kasus sengketa waris dalam Putusan Nomor 151/Pdt.G/2020/Pn.Jkt.Pst. / The unification of the Inheritance Law has not been achieved even after 76 years of proclamation of Indonesian Independence. Colonial regulations such as Legal Classification and Population Classification, until now still "color" various Indonesian Legal Regulation, especially in the National Inheritance Legal System. During colonial period, Articles 131 and 163 Indische Staatregeling (IS) as a political product of Dutch colonial law is still used as a guide for legal practitioners in Indonesia, in determining what inheritance law will be applied in an inheritance dispute in Indonesia. Customary inheritance law, Islamic inheritance law and Western inheritance law, is a positive legal choice that will be established or enforced of the Court for each inheritance dispute that arises in the community. This grouping and faction of the inhabitants is still maintained not with the intention to divide a population, but for sociological and cultural reasons arising from the beliefs of each community in each region. Based on article 28 I paragraph (3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 states that the cultural identity and rights of native inhabitance are respected in accordance with the development of times and civilization, this regulation is a state recognition of the existence of an indigenous people (along with its rights and interests), as long as its existence does not conflict with the interests of the state (national interest), or if there is a rule of customary law that is contrary to the rule of law. In the legislation, the existence of indigenous peoples and their traditional interests and rights stipulated in customary law can be ignored. Even the conception of human values such as the principle of gender equality, along with the times and the trend of globalization has been absorbed and used as the basis by judges when adjudicating an inheritance dispute. Now the right to bequeath to girls is possible in the patrilineal Batak tribal community, with the record of heirs/parents have long migrated/left the original area/ origin of the tribe. This thesis generally discusses the position of girls as heirs in the customary inheritance law of Batak people based on studies on dispute cases of inheritance in Verdict No.151/Pdt.G /2020/Pn.Jkt.Pst.

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