Dynamics of the interaction between Poland and the European Union: the case of Polish constitutional tribunal reform under President Andrzej Duda = Dinamika Interaksi antara Polandia dan Uni Eropa: Studi Kasus Reformasi Pengadilan Konstitusional Polandia di Bawah Presiden Andrzej Duda

Wijayanti, Indira Smita (2022) Dynamics of the interaction between Poland and the European Union: the case of Polish constitutional tribunal reform under President Andrzej Duda = Dinamika Interaksi antara Polandia dan Uni Eropa: Studi Kasus Reformasi Pengadilan Konstitusional Polandia di Bawah Presiden Andrzej Duda. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The Polish Constitutional Tribunal reform under President Andrzej Duda has strained the relations between Poland and the European Union. The country is seen to perform amendments on several legal bodies, consequently breaching the rule of law standards that the European Union upholds. This research aims to examine the push factors behind Polish Constitutional Tribunal reform from the state level and how it affects the relations between Poland and the European Union. The theory and concepts used in this research are Neoclassical Realism theory, and the concept of Sovereignty, State-Level Analysis, Ethnonationalism, and Subjective Assessment. Additionally, this qualitative research is being conducted under a case-study method. The analysis shows that the push factors behind Polish Constitutional Tribunal reform are the profound ethnonationalism and conservative values that the Polish conveyed through the growing support for Law and Justice Party. The elected President Andrzej Duda gave political momentum for the party to exert its autocratic tendencies, leading to the reform. The series of Constitutional Tribunal reforms begin with the media law that leads to public prosecutor’s general appointment and amendments on common courts, national council of the judiciary, and supreme court. In this case, the European Union responds through the rule of law framework along with Article 7 of the TEU to ensure compliance. In this matter, Hungary shows support for Poland on the European level in the face of pressure by other European Union members. Poland is seen to unyieldingly convey its stance over domestic arrangements despite several legal measures imposed by the European Union in the light of national sovereignty and interests. It exerts how a country stays as the most important actor in the international system. / Reformasi Pengadilan Konstitusional Polandia di bawah Presiden Andrzej Duda telah merenggangkan hubungan antara Polandia dan Uni Eropa. Polandia terlihat melakukan amandemen di beberapa badan hukum sehingga melanggar standar rule of law yang dianut Uni Eropa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor pendorong reformasi Mahkamah Konstitusi Polandia dari tingkat negara dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap hubungan Polandia dan Uni Eropa. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Realisme Neoklasik, dengan konsep Kedaulatan, Analisis Tingkat Negara, Etnonasionalisme, dan Penilaian Subjektif. Selain itu, penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan dengan metode studi kasus. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendorong di balik reformasi Mahkamah Konstitusi Polandia adalah etnonasionalisme yang mendalam dan nilai-nilai konservatif yang disampaikan Polandia melalui dukungan yang semakin besar untuk Partai Law and Justice. Presiden terpilih Andrzej Duda memberikan momentum politik bagi partai tersebut untuk mengerahkan kecenderungan otokratisnya di dalam negeri, yang berujung pada reformasi di beberapa badan hukum. Rangkaian reformasi Mahkamah Konstitusi dimulai dengan undang-undang media yang mengarah pada pengangkatan jaksa penuntut umum dan amandemen pengadilan umum, dewan kehakiman nasional, dan mahkamah agung. Dalam hal ini, Uni Eropa merespon melalui kerangka aturan hukum. Jika tidak ada solusi yang muncul, Uni Eropa akan memberlakukan Pasal 7 TEU untuk memastikan kepatuhan Polandia. Dalam hal ini, Hongaria menunjukkan dukungan untuk Polandia di tingkat Eropa ditengah tekanan anggota Uni Eropa lainnya. Polandia terlihat keras menyampaikan pendiriannya dalam perihal domestik meski dihadapi beberapa langkah hukum oleh Uni Eropa untuk menjunjung kedaulatan dan kepentingan nasional. Hal ini membuktikan bagaimana negara tetap merupakan aktor paling penting dalam sistem internasional.

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