Kebijakan luar negeri Jepang dalam menjaga stabilitas kawasan Indo-Pasifik = Japan foreign policy in maintaining the stability of Indo-Pacific region (2012-2020)

Siregar, Dorothy Natania (2022) Kebijakan luar negeri Jepang dalam menjaga stabilitas kawasan Indo-Pasifik = Japan foreign policy in maintaining the stability of Indo-Pacific region (2012-2020). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya isu keamanan di kawasan Asia-Pasifik, kebangkitan Cina dan India, serta berpindahnya gravitasi politik dan ekonomi dari Atlantik ke Pasifik, telah memunculkan satu kondisi regional baru yaitu Indo-Pasifik yang mendorong Shinzo Abe lebih serius mencematinya dibanding pada masa pemerintahannya yang pertama (2006). Abe perlahan mengubah sikap minimalis dalam kemampuan militer Jepang dan perlahan memposisikan Jepang sebagai negara tingkat satu, membuat Jepang memainan peran yang cukup penting dalam menjaga stabilitas kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kebijakan luar negeri Jepang dalam memelihara stabilitas kawasan Indo-Pasifik serta dampak yang dihasilkan dari kebijakan luar negeri tersebut. Teori Realisme Neoklasik digunakan untuk menjelaskan kontribusi faktor domestik Jepang (innenpolitik), sistem dan politik internasional, kondisi geopolitik, dalam perumusan strategi kebijakan luar negeri Jepang pada abad 21. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian perbandingan sejarah untuk melihat bagaimana kebijakan luar negeri Jepang di bawah PM Shinzo Abe (2012-2020) dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Meskipun Jepang memiliki sejarah yang dinilai kejam dan berbahaya, pilar kebijakan luar negeri Jepang tetap sama sedari perang hingga masa kepemimpinan Abe, yaitu: memperkuat aliansi dengan Amerika Serikat, memperbaiki relasi dengan negara tetangga di Asia, dan memegang prinsip bahwa Jepang adaah negara yang cinta damai. Dari sana, lahir sebuah nilai orisinil Jepang, yaitu “Proactive Contribution to Peace” yang diciptakan untuk pertama kali dalam sejarah Jepang oleh PM Shinzo Abe. Konsep tersebut juga tertuang dalam kebijakan luar negeri Jepang dalam menjaga stabilitas kawasan Indo-Pasifik, yaitu Free and Open Indo-Pasifik (FOIP). / The increasing security issues in the Asia-Pacific region, the rise of China and India, as well as the shifting of political and economic gravity from the Atlantic to the Pacific, gave rise to a new regional condition, namely the Indo-Pacific. This prompted Shinzo Abe to be more serious in scrutinizing him than during his first administration (2006). Abe changed the attitude to a minimum in Japan's capabilities and slowly positioned Japan as a tier one country, making Japan play a fairly important role in maintaining military deterrence in the Indo-Pacific region. This study aims to understand Japan’s foreign policy in maintaining the Indo-Pacific region and the resulting impact of this foreign policy. Neoclassical Realism Theory is used to explain the contribution of Japanese domestic factors (innenpolitik), international systems and politics, geopolitical conditions, and in Japan's foreign policy formulation strategy during the 21st century. This study uses historical research method to see how foreign policy under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (2012-2020) may affect the Indo-Pacific region. Although Japan has a history that is considered cruel and dangerous, Japan's foreign policy lasted until Abe's leadership are namely: strengthening Japan's alliance with the United States, improving relations with neighboring countries in Asia, and upholding the principle that Japan is a peace-loving country. From there, an original Japanese value was born, that being "Proactive Contribution for Peace" which was created for the first time in Japanese history by PM Shinzo Abe. This concept is also contained in Japan's foreign policy in protecting the Indo-Pacific region, namely the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP).

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