Politik hukum peningkatan nilai tambah mineral dan batubara

Daishi, Daruma (2021) Politik hukum peningkatan nilai tambah mineral dan batubara. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pentingnya peningkatan nilai tambah dari pemanfaatan mineral nasional telah menjadi kesadaran bersama berbagai pihak dewasa ini. Pada tingkat normatif Pasal 33 UUD 45 telah mengamanatkan penguasaan kekayaan mineral oleh negara untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan menjawab permasalahan. Pertama, bagaimana dasar kebijakan, tujuan dan landasan operasional pengaturan mengenai kewajiban hilirisasi kegiatan pertambangan di dalam negeri menurut hukum Indonesia? Kedua, bagaimana pelaksanaan kebijakan dan pengaturan mengenai kewajiban hilirisasi mineral di dalam negeri di Indonesia saat ini? Ketiga, bagaimana seharusnya politik hukum pemerintah dan pengaturan operasional yang ideal untuk merealisasikan pemenuhan kewajiban hilirisasi mineral sebagaimana ditentukan dalam UU Minerba? Penelitian hukum normatif digunakan sebagai metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini. Jenis pendekatan studi kepustakaan dan Data penelitian berupa Data Sekunder dan Bahan Hukum Primer, Sekunder dan Tersier sebagai yang kemudian di analisis secara preskriptif analitis untuk menjawab perumusan masalah penelitian. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan antara lain: Pertama, Hilirisasi Pertambangan diatur dalam Pasal 102 dan 103 UU Minerba 2009. Pada tahun 2020 dilakukan revisi terhadap UU Minerba 2009 melalui UU 3/2020, meskipun terjadi perubahan, norma tersebut tetap dipertahankan, namun dilakukan beberapa penambahan mengenai jaminan pemerintah terhadap keberlangsungan pemanfaatan hasil pengolahan dan/atau pemurnian. Kedua, Dalam pelaksanaan hilirisasi pertambangan kurun waktu 11 tahun terakhir, belum sepenuhnya berjalan dengan baik, hal itu disebabkan karena adanya tumpang tindih perizinan usaha antara Izin Usaha Pertambangan Operasi Produksi Khusus dan Izin Usaha Industri, biaya energi tinggi dan infrastruktur jalan terbatas (belum ada tarif khusus untuk industri hilir mineral maupun batubara), Industri hilir di dalam negeri belum dapat menyerap semua produk smelter (kapasitasnya yang masih kecil). Kendala tersebut akhirnya menimbulkan kerugian bagi negara yakni peningkatan eksploitasi dan penjualan bijih mineral keluar negeri karena adanya relaksasi ekspor. Ketiga, Gagasan mengenai rancang bangun hilirisasi pertambangan di masa mendatang, adalah dengan menerapkan sistem pengusahan ke dalam bentuk perizinan, bukan lagi dalam bentuk Kontrak Karya/ Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara (PKP2B). Dengan skema sistem pengusahan ke dalam bentuk perizinan, yang diharapkan adalah mengentas/mengantisipasi ketidakmampuan perusahaan untuk melakukan pemurnian dalam negeri, sehingga setiap perusahaan sejak awal sudah memiliki modal kemampuan untuk melakukan pemurnian dalam negeri. / The importance of increasing added value from the utilization of national minerals has become a common awareness among various parties today. At the normative level, Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution has mandated the control of mineral wealth by the state for the prosperity of the people. This research is intended to answer the problem. First, what is the policy basis, objectives and operational basis for regulating domestic mining activity downstream obligations under Indonesian law? Second, how are the implementation of policies and regulations regarding the downstream mineral obligations in Indonesia at this time? Third, what should be the government's legal politics and ideal operational arrangements to realize the fulfillment of mineral downstream obligations as stipulated in the Mineral dan Coal Law? Normative legal research is used as a research method in this study. type of literature study approach and research data in the form of secondary data and primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials which are then analyzed in a prescriptive analytical manner to answer the formulation of research problems. This research resulted in the following conclusions: first, downstream mining is regulated in Articles 102 and 103 of the 2009 Mineral and coal Law. In 2020 a revision was made to the 2009 Mineral and coal Law through Law No 3 of 2020, although there were changes, the norm was maintained, but several additions were made regarding government guarantee for the sustainable use of processing and/or refining products. Second, in the implementation of mining downstream in the last 11 years, it has not been fully implemented, this is due to overlapping business permits between Special Production Operations Mining Business Permits and Industrial Business Permits, high energy costs and limited road infrastructure (no tariffs yet). specifically for the downstream mineral and coal industries), the domestic downstream industry has not been able to absorb all smelter products (their capacity is still small). These constraints eventually caused losses to the country, namely increased exploitation and sales of mineral ores abroad due to the relaxation of exports. Third, the idea of a downstream mining design in the future is to apply a management system in the form of a license, no longer in the form of a Coal Mining Exploitation Work Contract/Work Agreement. With the licensing system scheme, what is expected is to alleviate/anticipate the inability of companies to carry out domestic refining, so that from the start each company has the capital of the ability to carry out domestic refining.

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