Pengendali orientasi arah antena TV digital indoor berbasis mikrokontroler esp32-wroom-32 = Indoor TV digital antenna control based on esp32-wroom-32 microcontroller

Utomo, Rohmat Santoso Budi (2022) Pengendali orientasi arah antena TV digital indoor berbasis mikrokontroler esp32-wroom-32 = Indoor TV digital antenna control based on esp32-wroom-32 microcontroller. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Antena merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam sistem telekomunikasi. Antena berfungsi sebagai penerima dan pengirim gelombang elektromagnetik. Jika orientasi antena penerima TV tidak tepat diarahkan pada gelombang elektromagnetik terkuat yang masuk yang dipancarkan dari stasiun TV maka sinyal keluaran pada antena penerima tidak maksimal. Ambang sinyal pada keluaran antena penerima sangat mempengaruhi kualitas gambar di layar TV. Layar hitam terjadi di penerima TV digital jika ambang sinyal turun di bawah ambang batas minimum yang disyaratkan. Pada tugas akhir ini dirancang sebuah sistem untuk mencari orientasi terbaik dari antena TV digital indoor menggunakan motor servo MG996R dan mikrokontroler ESP32-WROOM-32 beserta komponen pendukung yang dibutuhkan ponsel pintar dan remot TV. Hasil dari percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kualitas gambar di layar TV sangat baik ketika ambang sinyal di atas 40% dari skala penuh yang terbaca pada indikator di layar TV. Efek beku mulai muncul di layar saat ambang sinyal mulai turun di bawah 40% dan layar hitam muncul saat ambang sinyal yang diterima turun di bawah 25%. Dari penelitian ini juga ditemukan bahwa untuk kondisi orientasi tertentu, yaitu 90 derajat penerima TV dapat menampilkan gambar yang sangat baik untuk 10 saluran TV yang berbeda, tanpa mengubah orientasi antena. Sedikit perubahan pada orientasi antena penerima 0-5 derajat menghasilkan lebih sedikit saluran TV yang menghasilkan gambar yang sangat baik. Sebaliknya pada kondisi ini diperoleh 45 saluran baru yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan orientasi sebelumnya. / The antenna is an essential component in a telecommunication system. The antenna serves as both the receiver and the sender of electromagnetic waves. If the orientation of a TV receiver antenna is not accurately directed to the incoming strongest electromagnetic wave radiated from a TV station then the output signal in the antenna receiver is not maximum. The signal level at the output of the receiver antenna strongly affect the quality of the picture on TV screen. Black screen occurred in Digital TV receiver if the signal level falls below a minimum required threshold level. In this thesis/research project a system is designed to find the best orientation for an indoor digital TV antennas using servo motor MG996R and microcontroller ESP32-WROOM-32 together with its required supporting components smartphone and TV Remote. Results from the experiment shows that the quality of the picture on TV screen is excellent when the signal level is above 40% of a full scale read on an indicator at the TV screen. The freeze effect started to appear on the screen when the signal level started to fall below 40% and black screen appears when the received signal level drop below 25%. It is also found from this research that for a certain orientation condition 90 degrees the TV receiver can display excellent pictures for 10 different TV channels, without changing the antenna orientation. Slightly change in the receiver antene orientation 0-5 degrees results in less number TV channels that produce excellent pictures. On the other hand in this condition 45 new different channels are obtained compared to previous orientation.

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