Penyalahgunaan keadaan (misbruik van omstandigheden) dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian kustodian (studi putusan nomor 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr)

Anggara, Marcelrino Marco (2021) Penyalahgunaan keadaan (misbruik van omstandigheden) dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian kustodian (studi putusan nomor 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

This study aims at first to determine the accuracy of the judge's consideration in the decision number 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr. The second objective is to find out the application of sanctions to undue influence in the decision number 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr. This research was conducted using a normative legal research method by examining the application of applicable legal rules or norms and analyzing the judge's considerations in decision number 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out through library research by studying literature references, both in the form of legislation, research results, and things that became references for Indonesian positive law that had strong relevance to the problems studied. All research results will be collected systematically and then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. Conclusions are drawn based on the analysis carried out so that it will answer the main problems in this study. The result of research and analysis of this research is that the Judge has given consideration in his ratio decidendi based on the principle of consensualism, the principle of pacta sunt servanda, and the principle of good faith. The application of the undue influence in the case of Decision Number 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr was appropriate, because of the circumstances of one of the parties, namely Sonny Sandra, who was in prison. The Panel of Judges has not been right in giving legal considerations to the undue influence in the case of decision number 3/Pdt.G/ 2020/PN Kdr, where the Panel of Judges considers abuse of circumstances as non-fulfillment of objective conditions while theoretically abuse of circumstances is a form of defect of will in terms of subjective agreement. The Panel of Judges should stipulate that the agreement can be canceled because it does not meet the subjective requirements of the agreement. Sanctions for undue influence in the Indonesian Covenant Law are the agreement being canceled and the return to its original state as before the agreement was made, compensation, and can be subject to criminal sanctions if the injured party reports to the police./ Penelitian ini bertujuan yang pertama untuk mengetahui ketepatan pertimbangan hakim dalam putusan nomor 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr. Tujuan kedua yaitu untuk mengetahui penerapan sanksi terhadap penyalahgunaan keadaan dalam Putusan Nomor 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengkaji penerapan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma hukum yang berlaku dan menganalisis pertimbangan hakim dalam putusan nomor 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dengan mempelajari referensi kepustakaan, baik berupa perundang-undangan, hasil penelitian, dan hal-hal yang menjadi rujukan untuk hukum positif Indonesia yang mempunyai relevansi kuat dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Seluruh hasil penelitian akan dikumpulkan secara sistematis kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif. Kesimpulan ditarik berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan sehingga akan menjawab pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian dan analisis penelitian ini adalah Hakim telah memberikan pertimbangan dalam ratio decidendi-nya berdasarkan pada asas konsensualisme, asas pacta sunt servanda, dan asas itikad baik. Penerapan penyalahgunaan keadaan pada kasus Putusan Nomor 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr telah tepat, karena keadaan salah satu pihak yaitu Sonny Sandra yang sedang dipenjara. Majelis Hakim belum tepat dalam memberikan pertimbangan hukum terhadap adanya penyalahgunaan keadaan dalam perkara putusan nomor 3/Pdt.G/2020/PN Kdr, dimana Majelis Hakim mempertimbangkan penyalahgunaan keadaan sebagai tidak terpenuhinya syarat objektif sedangkan secara teoritis penyalahgunaan keadaan merupakan bentuk cacat kehendak dalam syarat subjektif perjanjian. Majelis Hakim seharusnya menetapkan perjanjian dapat dibatalkan karena tidak memenuhi syarat subjektif perjanjian. Sanksi terhadap penyalahgunaan keadaan dalam Hukum Perjanjian Indonesia adalah perjanjian dibatalkan dan pengembalian keadaan semula seperti sebelum perjanjian itu dibuat, ganti rugi, dan dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana jika pihak dirugikan melapor kepada kepolisian.

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