Perancangan hunian ramah penderita low vision melalui pendekatan indra penglihatan dan peraba dalam membentuk peta mental penghuni = The design of low vision friendly housing through the senses of sense vision and touch in forming a mental map of residents

Wijaya, Bobby (2022) Perancangan hunian ramah penderita low vision melalui pendekatan indra penglihatan dan peraba dalam membentuk peta mental penghuni = The design of low vision friendly housing through the senses of sense vision and touch in forming a mental map of residents. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Seseorang yang menderita low vision sebenarnya juga memiliki peta mental. Namun, indra apa yang diandalkan dan membentuk peta mentalnya belum banyak diketahui. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa variabel yang mendukung elemen peta mental kognitif bagi penderita low vision pada ruang ? Bagaimana hubungan indra peraba dan penglihatan dalam membentuk perilaku dan peta mental kognitif responden pada hunian tempat tinggalnya? Dan bagaimana strategi desain yang berfokus pada stimulus indra penglihatan dan peraba bagi penderita low vision yang dapat mendukung pembentukan peta mental kognitif? Diketahui terdapat 7 variabel yang mendukung elemen peta mental kognitif bagi penderita low vision dan pada indra peraba, penggunaan material yang berbedabeda dengan warna yang berbeda juga memberikan perbedaan yang kontras sebagai stimulus peraba. Sementara pada indra penglihatan, permainan proporsi solid dan void yang dipadu dengan bentuk dan wujud yang berbeda memberikan perbedaan yang kontras sebagai stimulus penglihatan. Diketahui bahwa sisa penglihatan masih berperan sebagai primary eye dan indra peraba sebagai second eye bagi penderita low vision. Karena itu dibutuhkan bentuk dan wujud yang geometris dengan pencahyaan yang ideal untuk membantu penderita low vision menggunakan primary eye dan dibutuhkan juga material yang berbentuk/berwujud geometris dengan layout tertentu untuk membantu penggunaan second eye. Dibuat tiga tingkat desain, yaitu tingkat makro, meso, dan mikro yang dibuat berdasarkan 5 elemen pembentuk peta mental dengan tujuan mempercepat pembentukan peta mental bagi penderita low vision. Selain itu, titik acuan pembuatan desain ini juga dengan berdasarkan pembuatan ruang bersama dan pencahayaan alami yang menyebar dan merata dengan minimal intensitas 100 lux. / Someone who suffers from low vision actually also has a mental map. However, what senses rely on and form his mental map is not widely known. Therefore, this study aims to find out what are the variables that support the cognitive mental map elements for people with low vision in space? How is the relationship between the senses of touch and sight in shaping the behavior and cognitive mental maps of the respondents in the dwellings where they live? And how can a design strategy that focuses on visual and touch sensory stimuli for people with low vision support the formation of cognitive mental maps? It is known that there are 7 variables that support the cognitive mental map element for people with low vision and in the sense of touch, the use of different materials with different colors also provides contrasting differences as tactile stimuli. Meanwhile, in the sense of sight, the game of solid and void proportions combined with different shapes and forms provides a contrasting difference as a visual stimulus. It is known that the remaining vision still acts as the primary eye and the sense of touch as the second eye for people with low vision. Because of that, geometric shapes and shapes are needed with ideal lighting to help low vision sufferers use the primary eye and geometric shapes/materials are needed with a certain layout to help use the second eye. Three levels of design were made, namely macro, meso, and micro levels based on the 5 elements that make up a mental map with the aim of accelerating the formation of a mental map for people with low vision. In addition, the reference point for making this design is also based on the creation of a common room and natural lighting that is spread and evenly distributed with a minimum intensity of 100 lux.

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