The fulfilment of the basic needs and interdependence between Krayan (North Kalimantan, Indonesia) and Ba Kelalan border communities (Sarawak, Malaysia) = pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok dan saling ketergantungan di antara masyarakat perbatasan Krayan (Kalimantan Utara, Indonesia) dan Ba Kelalan (Sarawak, Malaysia)

Evangelista, Bella (2019) The fulfilment of the basic needs and interdependence between Krayan (North Kalimantan, Indonesia) and Ba Kelalan border communities (Sarawak, Malaysia) = pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok dan saling ketergantungan di antara masyarakat perbatasan Krayan (Kalimantan Utara, Indonesia) dan Ba Kelalan (Sarawak, Malaysia). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Until recently, one of the unresolvable issues that the Indonesian government faces is the issue around the border area, including the borders between Krayan sub-district, in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan, Indonesia and Ba Kelalan, in Sarawak, Malaysia. As an isolated area, Krayan people have no other choice but to depend on Ba Kelalan people in Malaysia in order to fulfil their basic needs. These interactions create chains of dependency between these two border communities. The objectives of this research are to portray the creation process of the dependency between those two border communities and to understand the stakeholders and policy makers‟ views on maintaining the dependency, while still meeting the human security needs in that area. This research is based on liberal perspectives, including: interdependency, nontraditional security and human security. This research utilizes qualitative approach, with field research and descriptive method. The data that the author uses to support the analysis of this issue was collected through interviews, field observations and library studies. Based on the findings, limited transportations and less government policies and active roles to address the issue are the main reasons why Indonesian governments are not successfully able to provide Krayan‟s basic needs. On the other hand, the economic benefits gained by the Ba Kelalan cause changes in the relationship between the two from being dependent to become interdependent to each other. Changes in relation without being accompanied by the role of the government pose a potential threat to human security in the area, specifically food security, health security, environmental security, individual security and community security./ Wilayah perbatasan merupakan salah satu fokus utama pemerintah negara Indonesia yang hingga saat ini belum dapat terselesaikan. Tidak terkecuali bagi wilayah Perbatasan Krayan yang terletak di Kabupaten Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara. Sebagai wilayah yang terisolasi, masyarakat Krayan tidak memiliki pilihan lain selain menggantungkan pemenuhan kebutuhan pokoknya kepada pihak Ba Kelalan, Malaysia. Interaksi ini kemudian menciptakan hubungan saling ketergantungan yang dalam di antara kedua masyarakat perbatasan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan proses terbentuknya hubungan saling ketergantungan masyarakat perbatasan Krayan dan Ba Kelalan serta untuk mengetahui pandangan pemangku kepentingan dalam mengelola hubungan saling ketergantungan tersebut dengan tetap memenuhi keamanan insani di wilayah perbatasan. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada perspektif liberal mencakup: saling ketergantungan, keamanan non-tradisional dan keamanan insani. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode penelitian lapangan dan metode deskriptif. Data yang penulis gunakan untuk mendukung analisis isu ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, hambatan pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok masyarakat Krayan disebabkan oleh keterbatasan transportasi dan kurangnya peran pemerintah dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut. Di sisi lain, keuntungan ekonomis yang didapat oleh pihak Ba Kelalan menyebabkan perubahan hubungan keduanya dari dependen menjadi interdependen. Perubahan interaksi tanpa disertai oleh peran pemerintah ini menimbulkan potensi ancaman bagi keamanan insani, khususnya ketahanan pangan, keamanan kesehatan, keamanan lingkungan, keamanan individu dan keamanan masyarakat.

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