Tanggung jawab hukum debitur atas utang di bank terhadap jaminan pihak ketiga yang meninggal dunia

Musriani, Novi Astuti (2022) Tanggung jawab hukum debitur atas utang di bank terhadap jaminan pihak ketiga yang meninggal dunia. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Perjanjian kredit merupakan perjanjian pokok. Perjanjian kredit (akad kredit) dipersiapkan oleh seorang notaris yang ditunjuk oleh bank atau dipilih/ ditentukan oleh calon debitur (atas kesepakatan bersama antara bank dan calon debiturnya). Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka rumusan masalah yang diteliti yaitu : 1) Bagaimana proses tahapan yang harus ditempuh bagi seorang debitur yang akan mengajukan kredit di bank dengan menggunakan objek jaminan berupa tanah yang dimiliki oleh pihak ketiga ? 2) Bagaimana kewajiban hukum yang timbul terkait pelunasan hutang debitur di bank yang menggunakan jaminan berupa tanah yang dimiliki oleh pihak ketiga apabila pihak ketiga telah meninggal dunia sebelum berakhirnya jangka waktu pelunasan hutang ?. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif empiris yaitu penelitian hukum mengenai pemberlakuan ketentuan hukum normatif (kodifikasi, undang-undang atau kontrak) secara in action pada setiap peristiwa hukum tertentu yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik analisis data secara kualitatif, wawancara, observasi, studi pustaka, buku- buku perpustakaan peraturan Perundang-Undangan, serta penelitian yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa 1) Kredit telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan, pemberian kredit oleh Bank diawali dengan adanya perjanjian kredit antara kreditur dengan debitur. Proses tahapan yang harus ditempuh bagi seorang debitur yang akan mengajukan kredit di bank dengan menggunakan objek jaminan berupa tanah yang dimiliki oleh pihak ketiga diantaranya permohonan kredit, peninjauan nasabah, analisa kredit, kepurtusan kredit dan pencairan kredit. 2) Debitur bertanggung jawab penuh atas fasilitas kredit yang diterimanya dari bank. Debitur dimungkinkan untuk menjadikan jaminan pihak luar untuk dijadikan jaminan di bank. Kewajiban hukum yang timbul terkait pelunasan hutang debitur di bank yang menggunakan jaminan berupa tanah yang dimiliki oleh pihak ketiga apabila pihak ketiga telah meninggal dunia sebelum berakhirnya jangka waktu pelunasan hutang bahwa dengan meninggalnya pihak ketiga tidak akan menghapus kewajiban debitur untuk melunasi kreditnya dan hutang debitur tidak akan gugur ataupun berakhir, sesuai jangka waktu yang telah ditentukan. / The credit agreement is the main agreement. The credit agreement (credit contract) is prepared by a notary appointed by the bank or selected/determined by the prospective debtor (by mutual agreement between the bank and the prospective debtor). Based on this background, the formulation of the problems studied are: 1) What are the steps that must be taken for a debtor who will apply for credit at the bank using the object of collateral in the form of land owned by a third party? 2) What are the legal obligations that arise regarding the settlement of debtors' debts in banks that use collateral in the form of land owned by a third party if the third party has died before the end of the debt repayment period?. The type of research used in this research is normative empirical research, namely legal research regarding the application of normative legal provisions (codification, laws or contracts) in action on every particular legal event that occurs in society. Data was collected through qualitative data analysis techniques, interviews, observations, literature studies, library books on laws and regulations, as well as research related to this research. The results and discussion show that 1) Credit has been regulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking, the granting of credit by the Bank begins with a credit agreement between the creditor and the debtor. The process of stages that must be taken for a debtor who will apply for credit at a bank using a collateral object in the form of land owned by a third party includes credit applications, customer reviews, credit analysis, credit decisions and credit disbursement. 2) The debtor is fully responsible for the credit facilities he receives from the bank. Debtors are allowed to make collateral from outside parties to be used as collateral in the bank. Legal obligations that arise regarding the settlement of debtors' debts in banks that use collateral in the form of land owned by a third party if the third party has died before the end of the debt repayment period that the death of the third party will not erase the debtor's obligation to pay off his credit and the debtor's debt will not terminated or expired, according to a predetermined period of time.

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