Keabsahan akta autentik yang penghadapnya tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk bertindak secara hukum

Widyastuti, Ria (2022) Keabsahan akta autentik yang penghadapnya tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk bertindak secara hukum. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Notaris/PPAT bertugas menuangkan kehendak para pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian dari suatu perbuatan hukum ke dalam sebuah akta dihadapannya. Pada proses pembuatan akta, tentunya ada saja kendala yang dihadapi oleh Notaris/PPAT, seperti halnya penghadap yang tidak memiliki kewenangan dalam bertindak. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu yuridis normatif, dengan melalui serangkaian kegiatan pengumpulan dan analisis data sekunder. Untuk menganalisis bahan hukum yang telah terkumpul, penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data kualitatif, yang disajikan secara deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam syarat sahnya perjanjian diatur mengenai syarat subyektif dan obyektif dengan masing masing akibatnya. Pelanggaran terhadap syarat subyektif (kesepakatan dan kecakapan) mengakibatkan perjanjian tersebut dapat dibatalkan. Pelanggaran terhadap syarat obyektif (obyek tertentu dan subyek yang halal) mengakibatkan perjanjian menjadi batal demi hukum. Apabila pembatalan tersebut merupakan kelalaian Notaris/PPAT, maka akibatnya akan ditentukan oleh kelalaian yang dilakukan. Ada kelalaian yang berakibat kepada sanksi administrasi, sanksi perdata maupun sanksi pidana. Notaris/PPAT dapat dikenakan pidana apabila terbukti turut serta melakukan pidana pembuatan akta palsu dengan tandatangan palsu dari pihak yang sebenarnya tidak hadir atau sudah meninggal. Sekalipun proses pemalsuan akta dilakukan oleh stafnya sendiri, namun sepanjang minuta dan salinan akta tersebut ditandatangani oleh Notaris/PPAT bersangkutan, maka akan tetap menjadi tanggungjawab Notaris/PPAT yang bersangkutan itu sendiri. / The Notary/PPAT is in charge of pouring out the will of the parties who entered into the agreement of a legal act into a deed in front of him. In the deed making process, of course, there are obstacles faced by Notary/PPAT, such as interceptors who do not have the authority to act. The type of research used is normative juridical, by going through a series of secondary data collection and analysis activities. To analyze the legal material that has been collected, the study uses the method of qualitative data analysis, which is presented descriptively analytically. The results showed that in terms of the validity of the agreement, it is regulated regarding subjective and objective terms with each consequence. Violation of subjective terms (agreement and proficiency) results in the agreement being revocable. Violation of objective terms (certain objects and lawful subjects) results in the agreement becoming null and void. If the cancellation is the negligence of the Notary/PPAT, the consequences will be determined by the negligence committed. There are omissions that result in administrative sanctions, civil sanctions and criminal sanctions. The Notary/PPAT can be criminally charged if they are proven to have participated in criminally making false deeds with false signatures from parties who are not actually present or have died. Even if the process of forging the deed is carried out by the staff themselves, but as long as the minuta and copies of the deed are signed by the Notary/PPAT concerned, it will still be the responsibility of the Notary/PPAT concerned itself.

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