Tata kelola Badan Keamanan Laut Republik Indonesia (BAKAMLA RI) dan strategi keamanan maritim Indonesia di Laut Natuna Utara

Lemos Osorio Soares, Kellin Baquita (2022) Tata kelola Badan Keamanan Laut Republik Indonesia (BAKAMLA RI) dan strategi keamanan maritim Indonesia di Laut Natuna Utara. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Badan Keamanan Laut Republik Indonesia (BAKAMLA RI) adalah lembaga yang bertanggungjawab untuk menjaga keamanan laut di wilayah perairan Indonesia. Di wilayah Laut Natuna Utara (LNU) terjadi ketegangan karena klaim historis sepihak negara Tiongkok berupa Nine-Dash Line yang menganggap wilayah tersebut merupakan bagian dari wilayah teritorial Tiongkok. Seiring dengan tingginya intensitas gangguan dari kapal China Coast Guard (CCG) yang sering memasuki wilayah LNU, BAKAMLA RI bertugas di garda depan sebagai penjaga keamanan laut Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis perspektif dan strategi Indonesia melalui BAKAMLA RI serta mengidentifikasi strategi negara Tiongkok melalui CCG di wilayah LNU. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data primer dari wawancara dengan narasumber dari instansi-instansi terkait serta didukung dengan berbagai data dari laporan, buku, dan jurnal yang relevan. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Realisme. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BAKAMLA RI sudah memiliki strategi maritim yaitu Presence at Sea, Explore the Sea dan Trust Building by Sea, sambil terus mengedepankan kehadiran simbol negara melalui patroli bersama di wilayah yang sering mendapat gangguan dari kapal CCG Tiongkok. Tiongkok sendiri menggunakan strategi grey zone yang menempatkan China Maritime Militia atau milisi di kapal nelayan di lapis depan yang dikawal oleh CCG serta didukung oleh PLA Navy. Peningkatan kapabilisitas operasional dari BAKAMLA RI dan kerja sama dengan TNI AL menjadi hal yang penting dalam menjaga kedaulatan dan kepentingan Indonesia di Laut Natuna Utara. / The Maritime Security Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BAKAMLA RI) is the institution responsible for guarding maritime safety in the waters of Indonesia. In the waters of the North Natuna Sea (NNS) tensions are rising through China’s historical unilateral claim in the form of the Nine-dash Line which considers said region part of Chinese territory. Along with the intensity of the disturbance by ships of the China Coast Guards (CCG) that often enter the NNS region, BAKAMLA RI is in the vanguard of the protection of Indonesian maritime security. This study seeks to analyze Indonesia’s perspective and strategy through BAKAMLA RI and to identify China’s strategy through the CCG in the North Natuna Sea. The study uses qualitative research methods by collecting primary data from interviews conducted with sources from related agencies supported by various data from relevant reports, books, and journals. The research data are analyzed using Classical Realism theory. The study shows that BAKAMLA RI does have a maritime strategy which is expressed as Presence at Sea, Explore the Sea, and Trust Building by Sea, while continuing to prioritize the presence of the state through joint patrols in regions that are often disturbed by CCG ships. China is using a grey zone strategy whereby it puts China Maritime Militia or militia on fishing boats on the front lines escorted by CCG and supported by the PLA Navy. Raising the operational capabilities of The Maritime Security of the Republic of Indonesia (BAKAMLA RI) and working together with Indonesia National Military – Naval Force are important issues in protecting Indonesia’s sovereignty and interests in the North Natuna Sea.

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