Skrining fitokimia dan studi literatur ekstrak etanol 70% biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap kadar kolesterol

Zue, Kunigunda (2022) Skrining fitokimia dan studi literatur ekstrak etanol 70% biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap kadar kolesterol. Diploma thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi akan menyebabkan penyakit hiperkolesterolmia yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit jantung korener yang berhubungan dengan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol, trigliserida, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL),dan menurunnya kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) merupakan tanaman yang telah diketahui memiliki efek farmakologi yaitu antiinflamasi, antioksidan, dan antikolesterol. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ekstrak etanol 70% biji alpukat memilki potensi terhadap kadar kolesterol. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah, refluks, skrining fitokimia dan studi literatur. Hasil rendemen yang diperoleh dari refluks adalah 30,88%. Hasil skrining fitokimia pada ekstrak etanol 70% biji alpukat adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Berdasarkan studi literatur yang dilakukan pada hasil penelitian sebelumnya diperoleh senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur dan skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol biji alpukat memiliki aktivitas dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol karena mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Kata Kunci: Kolesterol, Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.), Studi Literatur/ High cholesterol levels will cause hypercholesterolemia which can cause coronary heart disease associated with increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and decreased levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Avocado seed (Persea americana Mill.) is a plant that has been known to have pharmacological effects, namely anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cholesterol. This study was conducted to determine the 70% ethanol extract of avocado seeds has the potential for cholesterol levels. The method used was this study is an in vivo experimental method using mice (Mus musculus), reflux, phytochemical screening and literature study. The yield obtained from reflux was 15.55%. The results of phytochemical screening on 70% ethanol extract of avocado seeds were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Based on literature studies conducted on the results of previous research, chemical compounds that have activity in lowering cholesterol levels are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Based on the results of literature studies and phytochemical screening, avocado seed ethanol extract has activity in lowering cholesterol levels because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Keywords: Cholesterol, Avocado Seed (Persea americana Mill.), Literature Study

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