Hubungan antara paparan sinar matahari sedang dengan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan di masa pandemi

Josephine, Andrea Pasha (2022) Hubungan antara paparan sinar matahari sedang dengan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan di masa pandemi. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Sejak pandemi COVID-19 terjadi di Indonesia pada Maret 2020, kegiatan pembelajaran berubah menjadi daring sehingga waktu beraktivitas diluar rumah dan mendapatkan paparan sinar matahari berkurang. Pengaruh penting paparan sinar matahari yang kurang dapat menyebabkan ritme sirkadian menjadi lebih lambat sehingga waktu tidur lebih singkat. Walaupun telah dilaporkan mengenai hubungan antara paparan sinar matahari dengan kualitas tidur sebelum dan selama pandemi namun masih terdapat hasil yang berbeda. Dengan demikian, perlu diteliti lebih lanjut mengenai hubungan antara paparan sinar matahari dengan kualitas tidur khususnya pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan yang mengalami pembelajaran secara daring pada masa pandemi. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan paparan sinar matahari sedang dengan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa FK UPH di masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode Penelitian: Desain penelitian berupa studi analitik komparatif kategorik tidak berpasangan. Kuesioner paparan sinar matahari dibagikan kepada mahasiswa FK UPH secara daring. Dari 141 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan paparan sinar matahari ringan dan sedang, diberi kuesioner PSQI untuk menilai kualitas tidurnya. Data yang diperoleh akan diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan dianalisis dengan uji Pearson Chi-Square dengan program SPSS-25. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Dari 141 responden terdapat 95 yang tidak terpapar dan 46 yang terpapar. Dari kelompok yang tidak terpapar didapatkan 74 dengan kualitas tidur buruk dan 21 dengan kualitas baik. Dari kelompok yang terpapar didapatkan 21 dengan kualitas buruk dan 25 dengan kualitas baik. Hasil analisis dengan uji Chi-Square menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna dengan p-value <0.001 dan odd ratio (OR) = 4.195. Terdapat perbedaan dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya pada responden wanita usia paruh baya. Perbedaan tersebut diduga karena pada usia lanjut, aktivitas enzim N-acetyltransferase menurun sehingga sintesis melatonin berkurang, akibatnya paparan sinar matahari diduga tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas tidurnya. Sebaliknya pada mahasiswa, paparan sinar matahari akan berpengaruh pada pergeseran ritme sirkadian sehingga sintesis melatonin menjadi lebih awal dan kualitas tidur menjadi lebih baik. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan hipotesis dan kerangka teori, yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh paparan sinar matahari sedang terhadap kualitas tidur yang baik pada mahasiswa FK UPH selama masa pandemi. OR sebesar 4.195 menunjukkan bahwa peluang kualitas tidur baik 4.195 kali lebih besar bagi yang terpapar sinar matahari. / Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia in March of 2020, learning activities became online so that time for outdoor activities and sunlight exposure is reduced. The effect of less sunlight exposure can cause the circadian rhythm to be delayed so that sleep duration is shorter. Although it has been reported that there is a relationship between sunlight exposure and sleep quality before and during the pandemic, there are still differing results. Thus, further research is needed on the relationship between sunlight exposure and sleep quality, especially for medical students of Pelita Harapan University who are experiencing online learning during the pandemic. Aim: To know the relationship between moderate sunlight exposure and sleep quality for medical students of Pelita Harapan University during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This research design is an analytic unpaired categorical comparative study. Sunlight exposure questionnaire was distributed online to medical students of Pelita Harapan University. Of the 141 respondents that met the inclusion criteria with light and moderate sunlight exposure, the PSQI questionnaire was given to assess their sleep quality. The data obtained were processed using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the Pearson Chi-Square test in SPSS-25. Result: Of the 141 respondents, 95 were not exposed to sunlight and 46 were exposed. From the unexposed group, 74 had poor sleep quality and 21 had good quality. From the exposed group, 21 had poor quality and 25 had good quality. The results of the analysis using Chi-Square test showed significance with p-value <0.001 and odd ratio (OR) = 4.195. There are differences with the results of previous study in middle-aged female respondents. This difference is thought to be due to decrease in the activity of the N-acetyltransferase enzyme, resulting in reduced melatonin synthesis, so that sun exposure is thought to have no effect on sleep quality. On the other hand, in college students, exposure to sunlight will affect the shift in circadian rhythm so that melatonin synthesis becomes earlier and sleep quality becomes better. Conclusion: The results of this study are in accordance with the hypothesis and theoretical framework, which states that there is an effect of moderate sunlight exposure on good sleep quality for medical students of Pelita Harapan University during the pandemic. The OR of 4.195 indicates that the chance of good sleep quality is 4.195 times greater for those who are exposed to sunlight.

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