Hubungan pemberian asi eksklusif terhadap stunting pada balita usia 1—2 tahun di Puskesmas Kalibaru tahun 2020

Hakim, Ditta Amaliah Islamy (2022) Hubungan pemberian asi eksklusif terhadap stunting pada balita usia 1—2 tahun di Puskesmas Kalibaru tahun 2020. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang : Hubungan Pemberian Asi Ekslusif dengan Balita stunting dimana bayi yang berusia dibawah 6 bulan belum dapat mencerna asupan makanan lain selain ASI, sehingga Pemberian Asi Ekslusif pada 6 bulan pertama pada bayi akan berperan penting terhadap kecukupan asupan gizi bayi, jika kekurangan gizi pada bayi jangka Panjang untuk resiko terkena stuntingnya besar. Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap balita stunting di Puskesmas Kalibaru pada tahun 2020 Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan Analisis kualitatif untuk jenis penelitian operasional analisis dengan design cross sectional design, untuk bahan penelitian menggunakan rekam medis dan survey berbentuk kuesioner, lalu pengumpulan data sesuai usia pada balita yang memiliki kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil : Penelitian ini memiliki 50 responden sebagai sampel penelitian , usia ibu yang memiliki Balita terdapat 16 orang (32%) berusia 20-25 tahun, 25 orang (50%) berusia 26-30 tahun, dan 9 orang (18%) berusia lebih dari 30 tahun. Berdasarkan pendidikannya, terdapat 1 orang (2%) tamatan SD, 9 orang (18%) tamatan SMP, dan 40 orang (80%) tamatan SMA. Karakteristik responden juga dilihat berdasarkan Pekerjaan Ibu, mayoritas sebanyak 42 orang (84%) ibu rumah tangga dan sebanyak 8 orang (16%) karyawan swasta. Sebagian besar responden penghasilan kurang dari Rp. 2.000.000 yaitu sebanyak 30 orang (60%) dan 20 orang (40%) lainnya penghasilan lebih dari Rp. 2.000.000. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin Balitanya, Balita laki-laki 27 responden (54%) dan Balita perempuan 23 responden (46%). Hasil Analisis Univariat, gambaran pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Balita di Puskesmas Kalibaru 26 balita (52%) tidak diberikan ASI Eksklusif, 24 balita (48%) diberikan ASI Eksklusif. Dan balita di Puskesmas Kalibaru yang mengalami stunting sebanyak 35 balita (70%), sedangkan 15 balita (30%) tidak mengalami stunting. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar Balita di Puskesmas Kalibaru mengalami stunting. Dari hasil Analisis Bivariat, mayoritas Balita usia 1-2 Tahun yang tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif mengalami stunting 23 respnden (46%). Yang diberikan ASI eksklusif, sebanyak 12 orang (24%) mengalami stunting dan 12 (24%) lainnya tidak stunting. Kesimpulan : Hasil analisis univariate menunjukkan Balita usia 1-2 tahun di Puskesmas Kalibaru tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif yaitu sebanyak 26 orang atau 52% dari 50 responden penelitian dan mayoritas Balita usia 1-2 tahun di Puskesmas Kalibaru mengalami stunting yaitu sebanyak 35 orang atau 70% dari 50 responden penelitian. Hasil analisis bivariate menunjukkan hasil terdapat hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 1-2 tahun di Puskesmas Kalibaru dengan p value sebesar 0,003 dengan signifikansi 5% (0,003<0,05). Balita yang mengalami stunting cenderung terjadi lebih banyak pada balita yang tidak diberi ASI eksklusif. Sedangkan pada balita yang tidak mengalami stunting cenderung terjadi lebih banyak pada balita yang diberi ASI eksklusif. Pemberian ASI eksklusif mampu mengurangi risiko terjadinya stunting pada balita. Kata Kunci : ASI Ekslusif, Stunting, Ibu yang memiliki Balita usia 1-2 Tahun/ Background : The relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting toddlers with babies who are aged under 6 months have not been able to digest food intake other than breast milk, so, exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of the baby will play an important role in adequate nutritional intake of infants, if malnutrition in infants is long-term, the risk will affected massive stunting. Objective : This study aims to determine the relationship between giving exclusive breastfeeding for stunting toddlers at the Kalibaru Health Center in 2020 Methodology : This research is a qualitative analysis with cross sectional design research operational analysis. The research material using medical records and surveys in the form of questionnaires, age-appropriate data collection in infants who have inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result : This study has 50 respondents as the research sample, the age of the mother who have Toddlers 16 people (32%) aged 20-25 years, 25 people (50%) aged 26-30 years, and 9 people (18%) were over 30 years old. Based on education, there is 1 person (2%) graduated from elementary school, 9 people (18%) graduated from junior high school, and 40 people (80%) graduated from high school. Characteristics of respondents based on mother's occupation, the majority were 42 people most of the toddlers at the Kalibaru Health Center are stunted. (84%) housewives and 8 (16%) private employees. Most respondents income less than Rp. 2,000,000 as many as 30 people (60%) and 20 people (40%) others income more than Rp. 2,000,000. Based on the gender of the Toddler, Toddler Boy 27 respondents (54%) and Toddler girls 23 respondents (46%). Univariate analysis results, description of exclusive breastfeeding to toddlers at the Kalibaru Health Center 26 toddlers (52%) were not given exclusive breastfeeding, 24 toddlers (48%) were breastfed Exclusive. And there are 35 toddlers at the Kalibaru Health Center who experience stunting (70%), 15 children under five (30%) did not experience stunting. This shows that some most of the toddlers at the Kalibaru Health Center are stunted. From the results of the Bivariate Analysis, the majority of toddlers aged 1-2 years who are not breastfed 23 respondents Conclusion : The results of univariate analysis Toddlers aged 1-2 years at the Kalibaru Health Center do not were given exclusive breastfeeding as many as 26 people or 52% of the 50 research respondents and the majority of toddlers aged 1-2 years at the Kalibaru Health Center experienced stunting, which was 35 people or 70% of the 50 research respondents. The results of bivariate analysis, there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 1-2 years at the Kalibaru Health Center with a p value of 0.003 with a significance of 5% (0.003 ,0.05). Toodlers who experience stunting tend to occur more than the children who are not exclusively breastfed. Whereas in toddlers who do not experiencing stunting tends to occur more in infants who are exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of stunting in toddlers. Keywords : Exclusive Breastfeeding, Stunting, Mothers with Toddlers aged 1-2 Years

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