Gambaran refluks laringofaring pada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan berdasarkan skor gejala refluks dan faktor risiko

Safitra, Edo (2022) Gambaran refluks laringofaring pada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pelita Harapan berdasarkan skor gejala refluks dan faktor risiko. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Refluks laringofaring (RLF) adalah aliran balik isi lambung yang kontak langsung dengan laring dan faring sehingga timbul gejala. Gejala yang dikeluhkan dapat dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Skor Gejala Refluks (SGR) yang berisi sembilan pertanyaan mengenai gejala yang dikeluhkan pasien, SGR≥13 diartikan sebagai abnormalitas. Sebuah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya sekitar 14% dari pengidap RLF yang pernah terdiagnosis. Hal ini membuktikan prevalensi kejadian RLF cukup tinggi, namun status diagnostik penyakit ini belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dari hasil kuesioner SGR pada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran UPH. Sesuai dengan penelitian acuan, penelitian ini memiliki hipotesis terdapat ≥14% temuan SGR ≥13 pada sampel penelitian, tidak ditemukan hubungan antara jenis kelamin, usia, dan indeks massa tubuh dengan RLF. Namun, gaya hidup serta asupan makanan yang sering dikonsumsi mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian RLF. Penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif kategorik tidak berpasangan dengan desain potong lintang dari mahasiswa/i fakultas kedokteran UPH dengan jumlah sampel 80 orang. Pengumpulan data kuesioner melalui google form dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data secara univariat untuk mencari distribusi dan frekuensi serta secara bivariat untuk mencari hubungan antara dua variabel. Berdasarkan SGR, ditemukan 80 orang (27,4%) penderita RLF dari total 292 responden dengan gejala tersering merasakan adanya lendir di tenggorokan (95%), mendeham (95%), rasa mengganjal di tenggorokan (88,7%), dan suara serak (87,5%). Mayoritas penderita adalah perempuan (67,5%), usia terbanyak 21 tahun (28,7%), kurang berolahraga (80%), bukan perokok (63%), tidak mengonsumsi alkohol (78,7%) dengan IMT normal (58,8%). Variabel yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan RLF, dengan nilai p<0,05 adalah rokok (p=0,000), alkohol (p=0,001), serta kebiasaan mengonsumsi soda (p=0,008)./Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is the backflow of gastric contents that results in direct contact with the larynx and pharynx, causing symptoms to appear. Those symptoms can be measured and scored using the Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI) questionnaire, consisting of nine questions on the symptoms that the patient is suffering from. If the RSI of ≥ 13 indicates the presence of an abnormality. A study shows that only a mere 14% of people who suffer from LPR are diagnosed. This shows that the prevalence of LPR is high. However, the diagnostic status of this disease is not yet optimal. This study aims to find the description from the findings of RSI questionnaire in students of the faculty of medicine of Pelita Harapan University. In accordance with the reference research, this study has a hypothesis that there are ≥14% SGR findings ≥13 in the study sample, no relationship was found between gender, age, and body mass index with RLF. However, lifestyle and frequent food intake have a significant relationship with the incidence of RLF. This study is a descriptive categorical study with unrelated categories using a cross-sectional design and the sample was taken from the faculty of medicine students at Pelita Harapan University with a total sample of 80 people. Collecting data using a questionnaire in google form with purposive sampling technique. Univariate data analysis to find distribution and frequency, and bivariate analysis to find the relationship between two variables. Based on the RSI, there were 80 people (27,4%) who suffered from LPR among 292 eligible respondents. The most common symptoms are feeling mucus in the throat (95%), coughing (95%), feeling of a lump in the throat (88.7%), and hoarseness (87.5%). The majority of patients were women (67.5%), most aged 21 years (28.7%), lacked exercise (80%), non-smokers (63%), did not consume alcohol (78.7%) with normal BMI (58,8%). Variables that had a significant relationship with RLF, with p <0.05, were cigarettes (p=0.000), alcohol (p=0.001), and the habit of consuming soda (p=0.008).

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